Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Latin America
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Washington, DC : World Bank
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This book provides an overview of the
evolution of distortions to agricultural incentives caused
by price and trade policies in the World Bank-defined region
of Latin America and the Caribbean. Following the
introduction and summary, it includes commissioned country
studies of one Caribbean, one Central American, and six
South American economies. The chapters are followed by two
appendixes. The first describes the methodology used to
measure the nominal and relative rates of assistance to
farmers and the taxes and subsidies involved in food
consumption; the second provides country and regional
summaries, in tables, of annual estimates of these rates of
assistance. This study on Latin America is based on a sample
of eight countries, comprising the big four economies of
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico; Colombia and Ecuador,
two of the poorest South American tropical countries; the
Dominican Republic, the largest Caribbean economy; and
Nicaragua, the poorest country in Central America. Together,
in 2000-04, these countries accounted for 78 percent of the
region's population, 80 percent of the region's
agricultural value added, and 84 percent of the total gross
domestic product (GDP) of Latin America.
Palabras clave
AGRIBUSINESS, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY, AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS, AGRICULTURAL MARKETING, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL PRICE, AGRICULTURAL PRICES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURE, BIOTECHNOLOGY, BORDER PRICE, CAPITAL ACCOUNT, CENTRAL PLANNING, CLOSED ECONOMY, COMMODITIES, COMMODITY, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSUMER PRICE, CONSUMER PRICES, CONSUMERS, COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE, COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER, COUNTRY FIXED EFFECTS, DATA AVAILABILITY, DEREGULATION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DOLLAR VALUE, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC MARKETS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC REFORMS, ECONOMIC SECTORS, ECONOMICS, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATES, EXPENDITURE, EXPORT PROMOTION, EXPORT SECTOR, EXPORTS, FARMERS, FARMS, FISCAL DEFICIT, FOOD PRICE, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PRODUCTS, FOREIGN CURRENCY, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AGREEMENT, GDP PER CAPITA, GINI COEFFICIENT, GLOBAL EXPORTS, GLOBALIZATION, GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS VALUE, IMPERFECT COMPETITION, IMPORTS, INCOME, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFLATION, INPUT PRICES, INSURANCE, INTEGRATION, INTEREST RATES, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, LIVELIHOODS, LIVESTOCK, MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION, MARKET PRICES, MARKETING, MARKETPLACE, MEAT, MERCHANDISE, MERCHANDISE EXPORTS, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, MILK, MONOPOLY, MULTILATERAL TRADE, NET EXPORTS, OPEN ECONOMIES, OPEN ECONOMY, OUTPUTS, OVERVALUATION, PER CAPITA INCOME, PER CAPITA INCOMES, POLITICAL ECONOMY, PRICE BAND, PRICE BANDS, PRICE COMPARISONS, PRICE DISTORTIONS, PRICE INCENTIVES, PRICE POLICIES, PRICE POLICY, PRICE STABILITY, PRICE SUPPORT, PRICING POLICIES, PRICING POLICY, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATIZATION, PRODUCER PRICE, PRODUCERS, PUBLIC POLICY, REAL EXCHANGE RATES, REAL GDP, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, RETAIL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SPREAD, STRUCTURAL CHANGE, SUBSTITUTION, SUGAR, SUPERMARKETS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TAX, TAXATION, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRADE TAXES, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, URBANIZATION, VALUE ADDED, WAGE RATES, WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, WORLD ECONOMY, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION