A practical guide to understanding community hunting systems in the tropics
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Local communities and their partners – including government agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are faced with the complex task of reconciling biodiversity conservation with the needs of people who rely on hunting and fishing as integral components of their livelihoods and food systems. This challenge is compounded by diverse geographical settings, encompassing community-owned lands, protected areas, buffer zones, logging concessions, community forests and customary lands, as well as by poorly regulated legal frameworks. Balancing these competing priorities requires nuanced, context-specific approaches to wildlife management. Community-based sustainable wildlife management (CBSWM) emphasizes the pivotal role of local populations in conservation. This document provides guidance on the key aspects to consider when evaluating the opportunity to support CBSWM systems. It explains what needs to be understood about community hunting and why this information is essential for guiding transformative processes toward sustainable wildlife management, with illustrative examples from the SWM Programme intervention sites.