Health Equity and Financial Protection in Vietnam
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Washington, DC
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This report analyzes equity and
financial protection in the health sector of Vietnam. In
particular, it examines inequalities in health outcomes,
health behavior and health care utilization; benefit
incidence analysis; financial protection; and the
progressivity of health care financing. Data are drawn from
the 1992-93 and 1997-98 Vietnam living standards survey, the
2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008 Vietnam household and living
standards survey, the 2002 Vietnam demographic and health
survey, the 2002 Vietnam world health survey, the 2006
Vietnam multiple indicator cluster survey and the 2006
Vietnam national health accounts. All analyses are conducted
using original survey data and employ the health modules of
the ADePT software. Overall, health care financing in
Vietnam in 2006 was fairly progressive, i.e. the better-off
spent a larger fraction of their consumption on health care
than the poor. The financing sources that contribute to the
overall progressivity of health care finance are general
taxation, which finances 27 per cent of domestic spending on
health, and out-of-pocket payments, which finance 55 per
cent of spending. The most progressive source of health
finance is actually Social Health Insurance (SHI)
contributions, which is unsurprising given that they are
paid largely by formal sector workers who are among the
better-off; however, SHI contributions finance just 13 per
cent of health spending. Voluntary insurance is mildly
regressive, but this finances an even smaller share of total
health spending.
Palabras clave
ABILITY TO PAY, ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION, AGED, ANGINA, ANGINA PECTORIS, ANTENATAL CARE, ARI, ARTHRITIS, ASTHMA, BCG, BLOOD TESTS, BREAST CANCER, BURDEN OF DISEASE, CATASTROPHIC EXPENDITURE, CERVICAL CANCER, CHILD HEALTH, CHILDHOOD ILLNESS, CLINICS, CONTRACEPTION, COST OF CARE, COST OF SERVICES, COUGHING, COUNSELING, DEATHS, DELIVERY SYSTEM, DEPRESSION, DIABETES, DIARRHEA, DRUGS, EMPLOYMENT, FAMILIES, FEE-FOR-SERVICE, FEVER, FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES, FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS, FINANCIAL IMPACT, FINANCIAL PROTECTION, HEALTH BEHAVIOR, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, HEALTH CARE FINANCE, HEALTH CARE FINANCING, HEALTH CARE PROVIDER, HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH ECONOMICS, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH FINANCE, HEALTH FINANCING, HEALTH FINANCING SYSTEM, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH INSURANCE CONTRIBUTIONS, HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE, HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM, HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEME, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH ORGANIZATION, HEALTH OUTCOME INDICATORS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH POLICIES, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SPENDING, HEALTH SPENDING INCREASES, HEALTH STATUS, HEALTH SURVEILLANCE, HEALTH SURVEYS, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEALTHCARE, HIV, HIV POSITIVE, HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS, HOSPITAL BEDS, HOSPITAL CARE, HOSPITAL INPATIENT, HOSPITAL OUTPATIENT SERVICES, HOSPITAL SERVICES, HOSPITALS, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE, ILLNESS, IMMUNIZATION, INCIDENCE ANALYSIS, INCOME, INCOME COUNTRIES, INCOME GROUPS, INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH CARE, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INPATIENT ADMISSION, INPATIENT ADMISSIONS, INPATIENT CARE, INPATIENT TREATMENT, INSURANCE CONTRIBUTIONS, INSURANCE COVERAGE, INSURANCE PREMIUM, INSURANCE PREMIUMS, INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, LIVING STANDARDS, LOW INCOME, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MALARIA, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH, MEASLES, MEDICAL CARE, MEDICAL SUPPLIES, MEDICAL TREATMENT, MORTALITY, MOSQUITO NET, NATIONAL HEALTH, NUTRITION, OBESITY, ORAL REHYDRATION, ORAL REHYDRATION SALTS, OUTPATIENT CARE, OUTPATIENT SERVICES, PAP SMEAR, PATIENTS, PAYMENTS FOR HEALTH CARE, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PHYSICIANS, POCKET PAYMENTS, POISONING, POLIO, PREGNANT WOMEN, PREVALENCE, PREVENTIVE CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIVATE CLINICS, PRIVATE HOSPITALS, PRIVATE INSURANCE, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROVIDER PAYMENT, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC PROVIDERS, PUBLIC SECTOR, QUALITY OF CARE, RISK FACTORS, SCHOOL HEALTH, SCHOOL HEALTH CARE, SCREENING, SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, SHARE OF HEALTH SPENDING, SMOKING, SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE, SOCIAL INSURANCE, SOCIAL SECURITY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SYMPTOMS, TB, TOBACCO PRODUCTS, TRADITIONAL MEDICINE, TUBERCULOSIS, UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY, VIOLENCE, VISITS, WORKERS