Mongolia - Promoting Investment and Job Creation : An Investment Climate Assessment and Trade Integration Study
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Washington, DC
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The aim of this report is to identify a
set of concrete steps that the government of Mongolia might
take to promote private-sector activity and greater
integration with the global economy in a way that leads to
job creation, broad-based growth and most importantly,
poverty reduction. It does this by combining an assessment
of the investment climate faced by firms (through analyses
of firm and household surveys and supply chains in selected
sectors) with a diagnostic trade integration study. The
report is structured as follows. The second chapter lays out
the context and background and describes some recent trends
that give some indications of where things stand. This is
followed in the third and fourth chapters, which constitute
the core of the report, by a detailed mapping of the main
aspects of the business environment and the setting for
trade. The focus in these chapters is on the aspects of the
business environment that most need improvement, and on the
barriers to trade integration that are the most severe. The
fifth chapter lays out the basic diagnosis. The sixth and
seventh chapters then outline what the analysis indicates as
the most important steps that need to be taken to improve
the business environment and facilitate trade integration.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO CREDIT, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ACCOUNTING, ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM, ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AIR, AIR FREIGHT, AIR TRANSPORT, AUDITS, BANK LENDING, BANK LOAN, BANK LOANS, BANKING SECTOR, BANKRUPTCY, BANKRUPTCY LAWS, BANKS, BINDING CONSTRAINT, BORDER CROSSING, BRIBE, BRIBES, BUSINESS ACTIVITY, BUSINESS CLIMATE, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, BUSINESS PRACTICES, CAPITAL NEEDS, CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, COLLATERAL, COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS, COMMODITY, COMMODITY EXPORTS, COMPLIANCE COSTS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST, CONFLICTS OF INTEREST, CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, CORPORATE TAX, CORPORATE TAX RATE, CORPORATE TAX RATES, FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION, FINANCIAL PRODUCTS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FLOW OF MONEY, FORECLOSURE, FOREIGN CURRENCY, FOREIGN CURRENCY LOAN, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FOREIGN FIRMS, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INVESTORS, FORM OF COLLATERAL, FREIGHT SERVICE, FREIGHT SERVICES, FREIGHT TRAFFIC, GLOBAL ECONOMY, GOVERNANCE INDICATORS, GOVERNMENT REVENUES, GROUP OF FIRMS, GROWTH RATE, HARMONIZATION, HIGH INTEREST RATES, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCE, IMMOVABLE ASSETS, IMMOVABLE PROPERTY, IMPORT DUTIES, IMPORT DUTY, INCENTIVE STRUCTURES, INCOME, INCOMES, INDIVIDUAL FIRMS, INFLATION, INFLATION RATE, INSPECTION, INSTITUTIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE, INSTRUMENT, INTEREST RATE, INTEREST RATE SPREAD, INTERNAL FUNDS, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, INVESTING, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, INVESTMENT FLOWS, INVESTMENT FUNDS, INVESTMENT POLICIES, INVESTMENT POLICY, INVESTMENT PURPOSES, INVESTMENT REGIME, JOB CREATION, LABOR FORCE SURVEYS, LABOR MARKET, LACK OF ACCESS, LACK OF FINANCE, LACK OF TRANSPARENCY, LAND REGISTRATION, LEASE FINANCING, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, LEGAL SYSTEM, LIBERALIZATION, LIMITED ACCESS, LIMITED ACCESS TO FINANCE, LIQUIDATION, LOAN RATES, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LOCAL INVESTORS, LONG-TERM LOANS, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MARKET DISTORTIONS, MARKET ECONOMY, MICRO-ENTERPRISES, MICROENTERPRISES, NEW BUSINESSES, OPEN ECONOMY, OUTPUT, OUTREACH, OVERDRAFT, OVERDRAFT FACILITY, POLITICAL SYSTEM, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, PRIVATIZATION, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROPRIETORSHIP, PUBLIC PERCEPTION, RAIL, RAIL FREIGHT, RAIL LINK, RAILWAYS, REAL ESTATE, REAL INTEREST, REAL INTEREST RATES, RED TAPE, REGISTRATION PROCESS, REGISTRATION SYSTEM, REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT, REMITTANCE, REMITTANCES, RESTRICTIONS ON ENTRY, RETAIL TRADING, RISK PREMIUMS, ROAD, SECRECY LAWS, SETTLEMENT, SKILLS SHORTAGES, SOCIAL SECURITY, START-UP, STATE ENTERPRISE, SUPPLY CHAIN, SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, SUPPLY CHAINS, SURFACE TRANSPORT, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, TARIFF BARRIERS, TAX, TAX CODE, TAX CREDITS, TAX PROVISIONS, TAX RATE, TAX STRUCTURE, TAX SYSTEM, TAXPAYER SERVICES, TERM CREDIT, TIME DEPOSIT, TRADE FACILITATION, TRADE REGIME, TRADE SECTOR, TRADING ACTIVITIES, TRANSIT, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, TRANSITION ECONOMY, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT CORRIDORS, TRANSPORT SERVICES, TRUCKS, TURNOVER, TYPE OF TRANSPORT, UNLIMITED LIABILITY, URBAN AREAS, VALUATION, VALUATION PROCEDURES, VALUATIONS, VERTICAL INTEGRATION, VOLATILITY, WORKING CAPITAL, WORLD TRADE