Where Have All the Poor Gone? : Cambodia Poverty Assessment 2013

World Bank

Where Have All the Poor Gone? : Cambodia Poverty Assessment 2013

Autores

World Bank

Editor

Washington, DC

Descripción

Over the seven years from 2004 through 2011, Cambodian economic growth was tremendous, ranking amid the best in the world. Moreover, household consumption increased by nearly 40 percent. And this growth was pro-poor, not only reducing inequality, but also proportionally boosting poor people's consumption further and faster than that of the non-poor. As a result, the poverty rate dropped from 52.2 to 20.5 percent, surpassing all expectations. However, the majority of these people escaped poverty only slightly: they remain highly vulnerable, even to small shocks, which could quickly bring them back into poverty. The main drivers of poverty reduction were better prices of rice for farmers, better wages for agricultural workers, increases in salary jobs for the urban labor force, and better income for non-agricultural businesses for rural households. Improvements in health and education, as well as government investment in infrastructure, provided a favorable environment for the poor, allowing many of them to pull themselves out of poverty. Looking forward, some of these drivers of poverty reduction are likely to stall. Coupled with increased vulnerability, the present conditions create new challenges for the Royal Government of Cambodia. Furthermore, most of the improvements in Cambodia originated at very low values, thus leaving much work to better the well-being of many Cambodian households. Outstanding gains have been achieved, but it will take focus and further actions to maintain Cambodia's future growth. Most poverty in Cambodia is found in the countryside: about 90 percent of Cambodia's poor live in rural areas. To generate the maximum impact, government policies should concentrate on the productivity of the rural poor's major assets: their labor and their land.

Palabras clave

ABSOLUTE TERMS, ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, ACCESS TO SANITATION, ACCESS TO SCHOOLS, ACCESS TO SERVICES, AGGRESSIVE, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, ANTENATAL CARE, AVERAGE GROWTH, BASIC FOOD BASKET, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, BETTER ACCESS TO MARKETS, BIRTH ATTENDANTS, CALORIC REQUIREMENTS, CASH TRANSFERS, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD NUTRITION, CLEAN WATER, CLEANER WATER, CONCENTRATION OF PEOPLE, CONFLICT, CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, CONSUMER GOODS, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX, CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE, CONSUMPTION GROWTH, CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA, CORRELATES OF POVERTY, CRIME, CROP DIVERSIFICATION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, DRIVERS OF POVERTY REDUCTION, DRY SEASON, ECOLOGICAL ZONES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC POLICY, ECONOMIC SURVEYS, EDUCATION LEVEL, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EXCHANGE RATE, EXTERNAL SHOCKS, FAMILIES, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY PLANNING, FAMINE, FARM SELF-EMPLOYMENT, FARMER, FARMERS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FIREWOOD, FOOD BASKET, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD GOODS, FOOD INTAKE, FOOD ITEMS, FOOD POVERTY, FOOD POVERTY LINE, GINI COEFFICIENT, GINI INDEX, GROWTH RATE, GROWTH RATES, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH PROGRAMS, HEALTH SERVICES, HIGH CONCENTRATION, HIGH INFLATION, HOUSEHOLD CHORES, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HYGIENE, ILLITERACY, IMMUNIZATION, IMPACT ON POVERTY, IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY, INCOME GENERATION, INCOME INCREASE, INDUSTRIAL POLICY, INDUSTRIAL SECTOR, INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES, INEQUALITY, INEQUALITY CHANGES, INEQUALITY MEASURES, INFLATION LEVELS, INTERVENTION, IRRIGATION, LABOR MARKET, LAND DEGRADATION, LAND TENURE, LAWS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVING CONDITIONS, LIVING STANDARDS, LONG RUN, LOW POVERTY RATE, MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS, MACROECONOMIC POLICIES, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MALNUTRITION, MARKETING, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MEASURING POVERTY, MEDICINES, MIGRATION, NATIONAL ACCOUNTS, NATIONAL POVERTY, NATIONAL POVERTY RATE, NATURAL DISASTERS, NEEDS ASSESSMENT, NEGATIVE IMPACT, NON-POOR HOUSEHOLDS, NURSING, OLDER PEOPLE, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, PER CAPITA GROWTH, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, POLLUTION, POOR, POOR COUNTRIES, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR PEOPLE, POOR PERSONS, POVERTY ASSESSMENT, POVERTY CHANGES, POVERTY COMPARISONS, POVERTY ESTIMATES, POVERTY GAP, POVERTY GAP INDEX, POVERTY IMPACT, POVERTY IMPACT OF GROWTH, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY INCREASE, POVERTY LEVELS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY LINES, POVERTY POVERTY, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAM, POVERTY TARGET, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRO-POOR, PRO-POOR GROWTH, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC POLICIES, PUBLIC SECTOR, RAPID GROWTH, REDUCED POVERTY, REDUCING INEQUALITY, REDUCING POVERTY, REDUCTION IN POVERTY, REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT, REGIONAL VICE PRESIDENT, RELATIVE INEQUALITY, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL EXTENSION, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INCOME, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, RURAL POOR, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL ROADS, RURAL SECTOR, RURAL WAGES, RURAL WORKERS, SANITATION, SAVINGS, SCHOOL FEEDING, SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS, SECONDARY ENROLLMENT, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SQUARED POVERTY GAP, SQUARED POVERTY GAP INDEX, SUBSISTENCE, TARGETING, TOTAL POVERTY, TOTAL POVERTY LINE, URBAN AREAS, URBAN POOR, URBAN POVERTY, URBAN WORKERS, VICTIMS, VULNERABLE PEOPLE, WAGE RATES, WAR, WATER SOURCES, WORKER PRODUCTIVITY, YOUNG ADULTS