Integrating Communities into REDD+ in Indonesia

Jurgens, Emile; Kornexl, Werner; Oliver, Chloe; Gumartini, Tini; Brown, Tim

Integrating Communities into REDD+ in Indonesia

Autores

Editor

PROFOR, Washington, DC

Descripción

The Government of Indonesia (GOI) is in the process of designing a national REDD+ mechanism to allow it to access donor funding in the medium term, and funding from a potential performance based mechanism in the long term. This policy brief is focused on the broad question of how REDD+ can address underlying community issues such as lack of access to forest land, and does not deal with the more specific questions of legal and institutional frameworks for such a mechanism. More specifically, the brief highlights the need and opportunity for integrating community development approaches into a REDD+ framework. The brief is based largely on a review of literature on Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) programs, on interviews with a number of representatives from Indonesian small grants programs, and on discussions with the team that is involved in the implementation of PNPM programs at the World Bank Office in Jakarta. Indonesia is a major Green House Gas (GHG) emitter (about 2.1 gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2005) and most of the emissions come from deforestation and peatland degradation. Indonesia has approximately 94 million hectares of natural and planted forests, representing around 52 percent of its total land area. The Ministry of environment estimates that in 2000, as much as 60 percent of Indonesia's total GHG emissions were due to land use changes, including deforestation, forest degradation and peat loss. In recent years, REDD+ has become a focus of policy development in Indonesia. The Forestry Research and Development Agency (FORDA) took the lead in 2007 by forming the Indonesia Forest Climate Alliance (IFCA) to articulate a national approach in response to shifting opportunities emerging from international negotiations on climate action and financing.

Palabras clave

ACCESS TO FOREST, ACTIVE PARTICIPATION, AGRICULTURAL EXPANSION, AGRICULTURE, AGROFORESTRY, ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS, ARCHIPELAGO, BENEFIT SHARING, BIO-GAS, BIODIVERSITY, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BIOGAS, BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION, BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES, BUFFER ZONE, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON FINANCE, CARBON FORESTRY, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CASH INCOME, CATCHMENT, CATCHMENT AREA, CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM, CLEAN WATER, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, CO, CO2, COMMUNITY CONSERVATION, COMMUNITY FOREST, COMMUNITY FORESTRY, COMMUNITY FORESTS, COMMUNITY LIVELIHOODS, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, COMPOSTING, CONCESSION, CONCESSION AGREEMENTS, CONFLICT RESOLUTION, CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES, CONSERVATION AREA, CONSERVATION CONCESSION, CONSERVATION PROGRAMS, CONSERVATION PROJECT, CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, CULTIVATED LAND, CULTIVATION, DEBT, DRIVERS OF DEFORESTATION, ECOLOGY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMICS, ECOSYSTEM, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, ECOSYSTEMS, ELECTRICITY, EMISSION, EMISSION PROFILE, EMISSION REDUCTIONS, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION, EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS, EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, ENCROACHMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION, ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, EROSION, EROSION CONTROL, FARMING COMMUNITIES, FAUNA, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FISH, FLORA, FOOD SECURITY, FOREST, FOREST AREA, FOREST AREAS, FOREST BUSINESS, FOREST CARBON, FOREST CARBON STOCKS, FOREST CLEARING, FOREST CONSERVATION ACT, FOREST CONVERSION, FOREST COVER, FOREST DEGRADATION, FOREST DWELLERS, FOREST GOVERNANCE, FOREST INVESTMENT, FOREST LAND, FOREST LANDS, FOREST LAW, FOREST LAW ENFORCEMENT, FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING, FOREST POLICIES, FOREST POLICY, FOREST REHABILITATION, FOREST RESOURCES, FOREST ZONE, FORESTRY, FORESTRY CONCESSIONS, FORESTRY GOVERNANCE, FORESTRY INSTITUTIONS, FORESTRY LAW, FORESTRY PROJECTS, FORESTRY SECTOR, FORESTS, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FROST, GHG, GHGS, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, ILLEGAL LOGGING, IMPLICATIONS FOR FORESTS, INCENTIVE SYSTEMS, INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY, INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH, LAND ACCESS, LAND ACQUISITION, LAND ALLOCATION, LAND AREA, LAND MANAGEMENT, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAND REHABILITATION, LAND RIGHTS, LAND TENURE, LAND USE, LAND USE CHANGES, LAND USE DECISIONS, LAND USE MAPPING, LOGGING, MANGROVES, MARINE CONSERVATION, MEDICINAL PLANT, MEDICINAL PLANTS, NATIONAL PARK, NATIVE ECOSYSTEMS, NATURAL HABITAT, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, OIL, OIL PALM, OVERHEAD COSTS, PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER, PLANT, PLANTING, POLICY MAKERS, POOR LAW ENFORCEMENT, POPULATION PRESSURES, PP, PROPERTY RIGHTS, REDUCING EMISSIONS, REEF, REEFS, REFORESTATION, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RURAL COMMUNITIES, SAFARI, SEAWEED, SPECIES, STATE FOREST, STATE FOREST LAND, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE FOREST, SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABLE LAND, SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABLE LAND USE, SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF FORESTS, SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE, SUSTAINABLE USE, SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIODIVERSITY, TIMBER, TIMBER EXTRACTION, TIMBER PLANTATIONS, TIMBER PRODUCTION, TIMBER RESOURCES, TOURISM, TRANSACTION COSTS, TREE, TREE PLANTING, TREES, TROPICAL COUNTRIES, TROPICAL FOREST, TROPICAL FOREST CONSERVATION, TROPICAL RAINFOREST, VILLAGE FOREST, VILLAGE FORESTS, VILLAGES, WAGES, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WATERSHED, WEAK LAND TENURE