Competitiveness and Connectivity : Integrating Lagging Regions in Global Markets
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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In recent decades, as integration of
global trade and investment has accelerated, many countries
both developing and developed have experienced widening
disparities of output and income across regions within their
borders. The emergence of entrenched 'leading' and
'lagging' regions is becoming an important policy
challenge, particularly in many middle-income countries.
This note discusses the role of trade integration in shaping
and addressing the challenges of lagging regions.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGY, AGRICULTURE, BANK POLICY, BARRIERS TO COMPETITION, BORDER REGIONS, BRAIN DRAIN, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, CONNECTIVITY, CONSUMERS, DEREGULATION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS, DOMESTIC CAPITAL, DOMESTIC MARKETS, ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, EMERGING ECONOMIES, EXPENDITURE, EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS, EXPORTERS, EXPORTS, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INVESTORS, FOREIGN OWNERSHIP, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AGREEMENT, GLOBAL MARKETS, GLOBAL POVERTY, GLOBAL TRADE, GLOBALIZATION, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN CAPITAL, INCOME, INCOME ACROSS REGIONS, INCOMES, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS, INPUT MARKETS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES, INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT, INTEREST RATE, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, INVESTMENT CLIMATE REFORMS, LAGGING REGION, LAGGING REGIONS, LIBERALIZATION, LOCAL MARKETS, MARKET ACCESS, METROPOLITAN REGIONS, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, MOUNTAINOUS REGION, OUTPUT, PERIPHERAL REGIONS, POOR COUNTRIES, POOR PEOPLE, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY REDUCTION, REGIONAL COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, REGIONAL DISPARITIES, REGIONAL ECONOMIES, REGIONAL ECONOMY, REGIONAL GROWTH, REGIONAL INEQUALITY, REGIONAL MARKETS, REGIONAL POLICIES, REGIONAL POLICY, REGIONAL TRADE, REGIONAL TRADE INTEGRATION, REGULATORY BARRIERS, REMOTE REGIONS, RETURNS, ROADS, RURAL REGIONS, SPATIAL PATTERNS, TAX, TRADE COMPETITIVENESS, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE POLICY, TRADING, TRADING SYSTEM, TRANSPORT, URBAN REGIONS, URBANIZATION