About Urban Mega Regions : Knowns and Unknowns
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Mega urban regions are not a passing
phenomenon. They are likely to persist and to enlarge their
economic footprints because they benefit from the advantages
of market scale, agglomeration economies, location, and the
increasing concentration of talented workers. Metropolitan
regions which are polycentric, relatively well managed, and
have invested heavily in transport infrastructure are able
to contain some of the problems attendant upon a
concentration of people and industry. Moreover, with energy
and water resources becoming relatively scarce and many
countries anxious to preserve arable land for farming, the
economic advantages of densely populated urban areas are on
the rise because they have a lower resource utilization
quotient. During the next 15 years, mega urban economies
could coalesce in three Southeast Asian locations: Bangkok,
Jakarta, and the Singapore-Iskander Development Region (IDR,
South Johor). The Bangkok and Jakarta (Jabotabek)
metropolitan regions have passed the threshold at least in
terms of population size but they have yet to approach the
industrial diversity, dynamism, and growth rates of a
Shanghai or a Shenzhen-Hong Kong region. Singapore, if
coupled with IDR, has the potential but it is still far from
being an integrated urban region. This paper examines the
gains from closer economic integration and the issues to be
settled before it could occur. The paper notes that a
tightening of localized economic links between two sovereign
nations through the formation of an urban region would
involve a readiness to make long-term political commitments
based on a widely perceived sense of substantial spillovers
and equitably shared benefits. Delineating these benefits
convincingly will be essential to winning political support
and a precondition for a successful economic flowering.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO CAPITAL, AGE DISTRIBUTION, AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES, AIR, AIR CONDITIONING, AIR POLLUTION, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, BIOTECHNOLOGY, BLUEPRINT, BUS, BUSINESS SERVICES, CAPITAL CITIES, CAPITAL MARKETS, CITIES, COLLABORATION, COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT, CONGESTION, CONGESTION COSTS, CONSULTING SERVICES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC SECTORS, ECONOMICS, EMPLOYMENT, ENERGY SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, EQUIPMENT, FEED, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FUTURE GROWTH, GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, IMMIGRATION, IMMIGRATION RESTRICTIONS, INCOMES, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATIONS, INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES, INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS, INTERNATIONALIZATION, KINSHIP, KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY, KNOWLEDGE GENERATION, KNOWLEDGE WORKERS, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABORATORIES, LARGE CITIES, LEARNING, LIFE SCIENCES, LITERATURE, MARKETING, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MIXED USE, NATIONAL BORDERS, NEIGHBORHOODS, NUMBER OF WORKERS, PAPERS, POINT OF DEPARTURE, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL SUPPORT, POLLUTION, POLYTECHNICS, POPULATION RESEARCH, POPULATION SIZE, PROGRESS, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC SERVICES, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, PUSH FACTORS, QUALITY CONTROL, QUALITY OF LIFE, R&D, RAIL, RATES OF GROWTH, RESEARCH CENTERS, RESEARCH INSTITUTES, RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES, RESEARCHERS, RESPECT, ROAD, ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE, ROAD USER, SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, SCIENTIST, SKILLED WORKERS, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOLAR POWER, STATE UNIVERSITY, SUBURBS, SURFACE TRANSPORT, TAX, TECHNICAL SKILLS, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, TELECOMMUNICATION, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TERTIARY LEVEL, TEXTILES, TRAFFIC, TRAINING INSTITUTIONS, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORT ENGINEERING, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORTATION, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN POVERTY, URBANIZATION, WATER RESOURCES, WORKFORCE