Sustaining Gains in Poverty Reduction and Human Development in the Middle East and North Africa
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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This book reviews the experience of the
Middle East and North Africa region with poverty and human
development since the mid-1980s. It finds that poverty rates
did not decline by much during this period while health and
education indicators improved substantially. The stagnation
of poverty rates is ascribed to the stagnation of the
region's economies during this period while the
improvement in human indicators is likely due to several
factors including improvement in the delivery of public
health and education services.
Palabras clave
ABSOLUTE POVERTY, AGING, ANTIPOVERTY PROGRAMS, ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, CASH ASSISTANCE, CASH TRANSFER, CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS, CASH TRANSFERS, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD HEALTH SERVICES, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD MORTALITY RATES, CHRONICALLY POOR, COMMERCIAL BANKS, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPARATOR COUNTRIES, DATA AVAILABILITY, DECISION MAKING, DEVELOPING REGIONS, DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, DIETS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC SHOCK, ECONOMIC STAGNATION, EDUCATED PEOPLE, EDUCATION, EDUCATIONPOVERTY, EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS, ENERGY SUBSIDIES, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, EXTREME POVERTY, FAMILIES, FEMALE EDUCATION, FEMALE LITERACY, FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, FOOD SUBSIDIES, FOOD SUBSIDY, GENDER DIMENSIONS, GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP, GLOBAL POVERTY, GROWTH PERFORMANCE, GROWTH POLICIES, GROWTH RATE, GROWTH RATES, HEAD COUNT RATIOS, HEALTH, HEALTH BUDGETS, HEALTH CARE FINANCING, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH SERVICES, HOSPITAL SERVICES, HOUSEHOLD DATA, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, IMPACT ON POVERTY REDUCTION, INCOME, INCOME GROWTH, INCOME LOSS, INCOME POVERTY, INCOME SHOCKS, INEQUALITY, INSURANCE, INSURANCE MECHANISMS, INSURANCE SCHEMES, INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LACK OF INFORMATION, LAWS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVE BIRTHS, LIVING STANDARDS, LONG RUN, MACROECONOMIC POLICY, MALNUTRITION, MATERNAL HEALTH, MIDDLE EAST, NATIONAL POVERTY, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, NATIONAL POVERTY LINES, NORTH AFRICA, OLD-AGE PENSION, OUTPUT GROWTH, PENSIONS, PER CAPITA INCOME, POLICY OBJECTIVE, POLICY REFORMS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POOR, POOR CHILDREN, POOR PEOPLE, POOR POPULATIONS, POVERTY CHARACTERISTICS, POVERTY DATA, POVERTY ESTIMATES, POVERTY FRONT, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY LEVELS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY LINES, POVERTY OUTCOMES, POVERTY PROFILE, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCING, POVERTY REDUCTION, PREVENTIVE HEALTH, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIVATE TRANSFERS, PRO-POOR, PROMOTING GROWTH, PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SPENDING, PUBLIC WORKS, PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS, PURCHASING POWER, REDUCING POVERTY, REDUCTION STRATEGY, REFUGEES, RURAL AREAS, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, RURAL POOR, SAFE WATER, SAFETY NET PROGRAMS, SAFETY NETS, SANITATION, SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS, SCHOOLING, SHORT-RUN CHANGES, SOCIAL POLICY, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SAFETY NET, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIAL WELFARE, STRUCTURAL REFORMS, TARGETING, TARGETING MECHANISMS, TEMPORARILY POOR, TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT, TEMPORARY JOBS, TERMS OF TRADE SHIFTS, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, UNDERSTANDING OF POVERTY, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE, URBAN POVERTY, VULNERABILITY TO POVERTY, VULNERABLE PEOPLE, WATER SUPPLY, WITH CHILDREN, WORKERS