Opportunities and barriers for wood-based infrastructure in urban Himalayas: A review of select national policies of Nepal
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Nepal’s policy landscape to identify the opportunities and barriers for wood-based infrastructure (WBI) as a tool to increase urban resilience. The 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal highlighted the systemic vulnerabilities of a small landlocked developing nation to the risks of living in a fragile mountain landscape when combined with high rates of poverty, rural to urban migration, and weak governance. New wood-based infrastructure has the potential to tackle the systemic vulnerabilities to earthquakes by increasing rural livelihoods, reducing rural to urban migration, and improving building materials and construction. Thus, WBI can help Nepal in achieving disaster risk reduction (DRR) goals and achieve emission reduction targets through carbon sequestration. However, implementing WBI in Nepal requires a careful evaluation of Nepal’s policy landscape to identify opportunities and barriers for operationalizing. By using a supply chain framework, Nepal’s major policies distributed across forestry and environment, natural resource management, and urbanization that influence wood-based infrastructure were analyzed. We found that policies aimed towards sustainable development, disaster risk reduction, and climate change support the establishment of WBI while policies of conservation, forest harvesting policies, and lack of clarity in implementation result in increased barriers towards WBI. We propose the conservation and forest harvesting policies should further incorporate livelihood enhancements, which should expand opportunities available to WBI.
Keywords: earthquake resilience; urbanization; wood-based infrastructure; policy; livelihoods; mountain landscapes
ID:3484088