Cambodia
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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Cambodia emerged in the early 1990s from
30 years of conflict, the brutal Khmer Rouge era, and a
decade of Vietnamese occupation, with one of the world’s
lowest per-capita incomes, and with social indicators far
behind those of neighboring Southeast Asian countries.
Physical infrastructure had been largely destroyed. United
Nations intervention led to a peace agreement in 1991, a new
constitution, elections, and formation of a coalition
government, although a reduced level of conflict and
political instability continued until the late 1990s. The
government began a process of economic liberalization in the
late 1980s which has been sustained. The donor world
responded rapidly to Cambodia’s huge resource need with a
high level of concessional aid which has been sustained.
Since the mid-1990s the economy has been growing steadily;
by 2006, per-capita incomes were double the 1998 level and
the incidence of poverty had been significantly reduced.
Social indicators have improved, generally to above the
average for low-income countries, but are still well below
those for most Southeast Asian countries. The Bank has
focused on governance issues with increasing intensity in
each succeeding country assistance strategy, and has worked
with other donors in a number of areas. Progress has been
made on certain governance-related issues such as public
financial management, including expenditure reorientation,
the poverty focus in health and education services, and
support for decentralized, community-based development programs.
Palabras clave
CAPITALS, WASTE, EMPLOYMENT, RISKS, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT, SEX WORKERS, ACCOUNTING, ACCOUNTING PRACTICES, PEOPLE, REVENUE MOBILIZATION, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, PRINCIPAL, AUTONOMY, INTEREST, LAWS, PREVENTION, GROSS REVENUES, PRIVATIZATION, GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE, INDUSTRY, INTERNAL AUDITS, HEALTH EDUCATION, BANKING SYSTEM, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, STRATEGIES, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, WATER SUPPLY, SERVICES, TAX COLLECTION, PUBLIC SERVICES, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH, PROJECTS, CRIME, INFLATION, PUBLIC HEALTH, AUDITS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, BUDGET, KNOWLEDGE, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, PRESENT VALUE, LEPROSY, BILATERAL DEBT, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, SAVINGS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, IMMUNIZATION, CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, PATIENTS, TRANSPORT, INTERVENTION, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, HEALTH INDICATORS, COLLECTIONS, PRODUCTIVITY, TRANSFERS, VIOLENCE, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, DEBT, MARKETS, OPERATING EXPENSES, LEGISLATION, DISASTERS, DECONCENTRATION, LABOR, LOANS, ENTERPRISES, NATURAL RESOURCES, TRUST FUNDS, MORTALITY, FINANCE, SOCIAL SUPPORT, GRANTS, ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS, INFRASTRUCTURE, MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION, BANKS, PRIMARY SCHOOLS, DEVOLUTION, LOCAL ADMINISTRATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, EQUITY, STDS, ACCOUNTABILITY, WORKERS, WAGES, FATIGUE, OPERATING COSTS, AGED, SOCIAL SERVICES, VALUE, GOVERNMENT FINANCE, BANK, CREDIT, BUDGETS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, STRESS, PROPERTY, FISCAL YEAR, REFUGEES, PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS, NUTRITION, TRANSACTION COSTS, QUALITY CONTROL, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, SUBSIDIARY, INTERNET, GOVERNANCE, CREDIT RISK, TAXATION, MICROFINANCE, WEIGHT, LOCAL ENTERPRISES, SOCIAL PLANNING, LAND, CHILDREN, RISK, NOW ACCOUNTS, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FINANCIAL PLANNING, TAX ADMINISTRATION, DECENTRALIZATION, INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, REVENUE, POLIO, LENDING, LIVING CONDITIONS, STRATEGY, REGISTRATION, FAMILIES, HOSPITALS, FOOD PROCESSING, GOVERNMENTS, ADB, INTERMEDIARIES, PAYMENT SYSTEMS, CIVIL SERVICE, HEALTH SERVICES, IMPLEMENTATION, INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, AUDITING, DEBT RELIEF