Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Descripción
Ethiopia is a highly decentralized
country. Presently, sub-national government taxes and
revenues account for about 28 percent of general taxes and
revenues, and sub-national expenditures amount to 51 percent
of general government expenditures. The ensuing vertical
mismatch is bridged by grants from the Federal government to
the regions. Presently, these grants account for 57 percent
of sub-national expenditures1. For many years, these grants
consisted mostly of a block grant (the Federal General
Purpose Grant) given without any strings attached, which
means the regions could use it as they wished. The rest of
the report is organized as follows. Section two provides the
policy context that is the information, data, evolutions,
etc. specific to Ethiopia, which are necessary to understand
and interpret the MDGs grant policy. Section three present
and discusses the policy content that is the components of
the policy previously identified. Section four is a policy
assessment, which utilizes the evaluation framework proposed
above to analyze the relationships between the various
components of the policy, and discuss its efficiency, its
effectiveness and its success. Section five is a conclusion
that summarizes the analysis, and attempts, prudently and
modestly, to outline some potential avenues for future action.
Palabras clave
FEDERAL LEVELS, EMPOWERMENT, TAX EFFORT, SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, VILLAGES, ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT, PEOPLE, CITY, FEDERAL TAXES, POLICY INSTRUMENT, VILLAGE, COEFFICIENTS, INTEREST, MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC INVESTMENTS, ENROLLMENT, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, TAX ADMINISTRATION CAPACITY, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, DIFFERENTIALS, FEDERAL GOVERNMENTS, TAX COLLECTION, TAX BASES, REVENUES, SUBNATIONAL EXPENDITURES, MEDIUM ENTERPRISE, CAPACITY BUILDING, LOCAL PUBLIC SERVICES, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, TAX, CITIES, INCOME TAX, FEDERAL REVENUES, PAYMENTS, INTERNATIONAL BANK, TRAINING CENTERS, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, MUNICIPALITIES, CITY ADMINISTRATIONS, SUBNATIONAL, SUB- NATIONAL, MINISTRY, SUB- NATIONAL EXPENDITURES, TOTAL EXPENDITURE, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY, ECONOMIC COOPERATION, TRANSFERS, MINISTRIES, CENTRALIZATION, ADMINISTRATIVE CHALLENGE, PUBLIC FINANCE, SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENT, CAPITAL EXPENDITURE, LOANS, TAX REVENUES, FARMERS, ENTERPRISES, CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, PEOPLES, EXPENDITURE NEEDS, FINANCE, POLICY EVALUATION, INFRASTRUCTURE, TAXES, EXPENDITURE, FEDERAL “MINISTRIES, SUB-NATIONAL, DEBT FINANCING, GRANT, CITY ADMINISTRATION, POLICY DEVELOPMENT, FEDERAL REVENUE, CAPITAL, SMALL ENTERPRISES, SUB-NATIONAL EXPENDITURES, TAX LAWS, SOURCE OF INCOME, BLOCK GRANT, GENDER, BANK, FEDERAL BUDGET, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, FEDERAL ROAD, TAX DECENTRALIZATION, LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT, URBAN AREAS, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, FEDERAL MINISTRY, POLICY OUTCOMES, EXPENDITURES, ENTERPRISE, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION, SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, TAX RATES, TRANSACTION COSTS, FEDERAL MINISTRIES, COMMUNITY LEVEL, FEDERAL ADMINISTRATIONS, SCHOOL BUILDING, TAXATION, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, REVENUE RAISING CAPACITY, SECURITY, INVESTMENT, EXTREME POVERTY, ID, HOUSEHOLDS, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, EQUALITY, POVERTY, TAX EFFORTS, SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, COOPERATION, TOTAL EXPENDITURES, TAXPAYERS, TAX ADMINISTRATION, DECENTRALIZATION, REVENUE, POLICY OBJECTIVES, SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, STUDENTS, BORROWING, INVESTMENTS, CAPITAL EXPENDITURES, POVERTY RATE, COMMUNITY, FEDERAL COUNTRY, WOMEN, ENROLMENT RATE, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION, DISTRICTS, GUARANTEE, GENDER EQUALITY, INEQUALITY, EMPLOYEES