A Micro-Decomposition Analysis of the Macroeconomic Determinants of Human Development
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper shows how differences in
aggregate human development outcomes over time and space can
be additively decomposed into a pure economic-growth
component, a component attributed to differences in the
distribution of income, and components attributed to
"non-income" factors and differences in the model
linking outcomes to income or non-income characteristics.
The income effect at the micro level is modeled
non-parametrically, so as to flexibly reflect distributional
changes. The paper illustrates the decomposition using data
for Morocco and Vietnam, and the results offer some
surprising insights into the observed aggregate gains in
schooling attainments. A user friendly STATA program is
available to implement the method in other settings.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO SCHOOLING, AGE GROUPS, AGE RANGES, AVERAGE INCOME, AVERAGE INCOMES, AVERAGE SCHOOLING, BIRTH ORDER, BULLETIN, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, COUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS, COUNTRY PERFORMANCE, COUNTRY REGRESSIONS, CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISONS, CROSS-COUNTRY RELATIONSHIP, CULTURAL CHANGE, CURRICULUM, DATA SETS, DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS, DEMAND FOR EDUCATION, DEPENDENT VARIABLE, DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS, DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISCRIMINATION, DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION, DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGE, DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGES, DISTRIBUTIONAL DATA, DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT, DRINKING WATER, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INEQUALITY, ECONOMIC REVIEW, EDUCATION OUTCOMES, EDUCATION SECTOR, EDUCATION SYSTEM, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES, EMPIRICAL MODEL, EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP, ENROLLMENT, ENROLLMENT RATE, ENROLMENT RATE, ENROLMENT RATES, ENROLMENTS, ETHNIC GROUP, ETHNIC GROUPS, ETHNIC MINORITIES, ETHNIC MINORITY, ETHNIC MINORITY CHILDREN, EXPLANATORY VARIABLES, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATE, FUNCTIONAL FORM, FUTURE GROWTH, GENDER GAP, GENDER OF TEACHERS, GIRLS, GROSS ENROLLMENT, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE, GROWTH COMPONENT, GROWTH PROCESS, HEALTH CARE, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INCOME DIFFERENCES, INCOME EFFECT, INCOME GROWTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME POVERTY, INEQUALITY TRENDS, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LINEAR MODEL, LINEAR REGRESSION, LITERACY, LITERATE PARENTS, LIVING STANDARDS, MACROECONOMICS, MEAN CONSUMPTION, MEAN ERROR TERM, MEAN INCOME, MEAN INCOMES, MEAN LOG DEVIATION, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MOTHER, NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEMS, NEGATIVE EFFECT, NUTRITION, OFFICIAL PRIMARY SCHOOL, PARENTAL EDUCATION, PER CAPITA INCOME, PER CAPITA INCOME LEVELS, POLICY CHANGES, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POOR, POOR COUNTRIES, POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT, POPULATION GROUPS, POPULATION GROWTH RATE, POSITIVE IMPACT, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY UPDATE, PRIMARY ENROLLMENT, PRIMARY ENROLLMENT RATE, PRIMARY ENROLLMENT RATES, PRIMARY LEVEL, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS, PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT, PRIMARY SCHOOL FACILITIES, PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL, PRIMARY SCHOOLING, PRIMARY-SCHOOL, PRIVATE SCHOOLING, PROGRESS, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC EDUCATION SPENDING, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC SERVICES, PUBLIC SPENDING, QUALITY OF LIFE, REGRESSION RESULTS, REGRESSION TECHNIQUES, RELATIVE IMPORTANCE, RICHER COUNTRIES, RUNNING WATER, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DIFFERENCES, RURAL DISPARITIES, RURAL GIRLS, RURAL MIGRATION, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL SCHOOL, RURAL WOMEN, SAFETY NET, SCHOOL AGE, SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN, SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOL CHILDREN, SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION, SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE, SCHOOL YEAR, SCHOOLING, SCHOOLS, SECONDARY ENROLLMENT, SECONDARY ENROLLMENT RATES, SECONDARY ENROLMENT, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT, SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL, SECONDARY SCHOOLING, SOCIAL OUTCOMES, SOCIAL SPENDING, SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS, URBAN AREAS, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN POPULATION GROWTH, URBANIZATION, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION