Implementing conjunctive management of water resources for irrigation development: a framework applied to the Southern Plain of western Nepal

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dc.creatorPandey, V. P.
dc.creatorShrestha, Nirman
dc.creatorUrfels, Anton
dc.creatorRay, A.
dc.creatorKhadka, Manohara
dc.creatorPavelic, Paul
dc.creatorMcDonald, Andrew J.
dc.creatorKrupnik, Timothy J.
dc.date2023-06
dc.date2023-04-12T03:44:44Z
dc.date2023-04-12T03:44:44Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T18:24:52Z
dc.descriptionClimate variability and insufficient irrigation are primary constraints to stable and higher agricultural productivity and food security in Nepal. Agriculture is the largest global freshwater user, and integration of surface- and ground-water use is frequently presented as an strategy for increasing efficiency as well as climate change adaptation. However, conjunctive management (CM) planning often ignores demand-side requirements and a broader set of sustainable development considerations, including ecosystem health and economics of different development strategies. While there is generic understanding of conjunctive use, detailed technical knowhow to realize the CM is lacking in Nepal. This article presents a holistic framework through literature reviews, stakeholders consultations and expert interviews for assessing CM and implementation prospects from a systems-level perspective. We demonstrate the framework through a case study in Western Nepal, where climatic variability and a lack of irrigation are key impediments to increased agricultural productivity and sustainable development. Results show that knowledge of water resources availability is good and that of water demand low in the Western Terai. Additional and coordinated investments are required to improve knowledge gaps as well as access to irrigation. There is therefore a need to assess water resources availability, water access, use and productivity, to fill the knowledge gaps in order to pave pathways for CM. This paper also discusses some strategies to translate prospects of conjunctive management into implementation.
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/129950
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/155078
dc.languageen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourcePandey, V. P.; Shrestha, Nirman; Urfels, A.; Ray, A.; Khadka, Manohara; Pavelic, Paul; McDonald, A. J.; Krupnik, T. J. 2023. Implementing conjunctive management of water resources for irrigation development: a framework applied to the Southern Plain of western Nepal. Agricultural Water Management, 283:108287. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108287]
dc.subjectwater resources
dc.subjectwater management
dc.subjectwater use
dc.subjectconjunctive use
dc.subjectirrigation systems
dc.subjectclimate change
dc.subjectgroundwater
dc.subjectsurface water
dc.subjectwater availability
dc.subjectwater demand
dc.subjectwater productivity
dc.subjectwater policies
dc.subjectfood security
dc.subjectagricultural productivity
dc.subjectsustainable development goals
dc.subjectplanning
dc.subjectstrategies
dc.subjectmonitoring
dc.subjectenergy sources
dc.subjectwater governance
dc.subjectstakeholders
dc.subjectgender equity
dc.subjectsocial inclusion
dc.subjectawareness
dc.subjectcapacity development
dc.subjectcase studies
dc.titleImplementing conjunctive management of water resources for irrigation development: a framework applied to the Southern Plain of western Nepal
dc.typeJournal Article

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