Economic and Poverty Impacts of Agricultural, Trade, and Factor Market Reforms in China
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Capitalizing on the most recent
estimates of agricultural price distortions in China and in
other countries, this paper assesses the economic and
poverty impact of global and domestic trade reform in China.
It also examines the interplay between the trade reforms and
factor market reforms aimed at improving the allocation of
labor within the Chinese economy. The results suggest that
trade reforms in the rest of the world, land reform and
hukou reform all serve to reduce poverty, while unilateral
trade reforms result in a small poverty increase.
Agricultural distortions are important factors in
determining the distributional and poverty effects of trade
reform packages, although their impacts on aggregate trade
and welfare appear to be small. A comprehensive reform
package which bundles the reforms in commodity and factor
markets together may benefit all broad household groups in China.
Palabras clave
ABSOLUTE POVERTY, ACCOUNTING, ADVERSE IMPACTS, AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL LIBERALIZATION, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL POLICY, AGRICULTURAL PRICE, AGRICULTURAL PRICES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURAL WAGES, AGRICULTURE, BASE YEAR, BENCHMARK, BENCHMARK DATA, CAPITAL STOCKS, COMMERCE, COMMUNAL LAND, CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE, CONSUMER PRICES, DEMAND CURVES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DEVELOPMENT BANK, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DISPOSABLE INCOME, DRIVERS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EFFECT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC RESEARCH, ECONOMIC SYSTEMS, ELASTICITY, ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION, EQUIPMENT, EXPENDITURE, EXPORT MARKETS, EXPORTER, EXPORTERS, EXPORTS, FACTOR MARKETS, FACTOR PRICES, FARM ACTIVITIES, FARM EMPLOYMENT, FARM HOUSEHOLDS, FARM SECTOR, FARM WORK, FARM WORKERS, FARMERS, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD IMPORTS, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PRODUCTS, FOREIGN CURRENCY, GDP, GDP DEFLATOR, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS, GINI COEFFICIENT, GLOBAL POVERTY, GLOBAL TRADE, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HOUSING SUBSIDIES, INCOME, INCOME DIFFERENTIAL, INCOME DIFFERENTIALS, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME GAP, INCOME GROWTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME LEVEL, INCOME LEVELS, INCOME TAX, INDICATORS OF POVERTY, INEQUALITY, LABOR ALLOCATION, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR MIGRATION, LABOR MOBILITY, LABOR MOVEMENT, LABOR SUPPLY, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAND REFORM, LAND REFORMS, MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS, MARGINAL COST, MARGINAL VALUE, MARKET DISTORTION, MARKET DISTORTIONS, MARKET REFORM, MARKET REFORMS, MARKETIZATION, MERCHANDISE, MERCHANDISE TRADE, MIGRANT LABOR, MOBILITY OF LABOR, MULTILATERAL TRADE, NATIONAL POVERTY, NUTRITION, OPEN MARKET, OPPORTUNITY COST, OUTPUT LOSSES, OUTPUTS, PER CAPITA INCOME, PERFECT COMPETITION, POOR, PORTFOLIO, POVERTY ESTIMATES, POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATE, POVERTY IMPACT, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY INCREASE, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, PRICE DISTORTIONS, PRICE INCREASES, PRICE VARIATION, PRODUCTIVITY, PROPERTY RIGHTS, REAL EXCHANGE RATE, REAL GDP, REAL INCOME, REAL WAGES, REGISTRATION SYSTEM, RENTS, RETURN, RETURNS, RURAL, RURAL ACTIVITIES, RURAL AREAS, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INCOME, RURAL INCOMES, RURAL INEQUALITY, RURAL LABOR, RURAL LABOR MARKET, RURAL MIGRANTS, RURAL POLICY, RURAL POOR, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION, RURAL SECTOR, RURAL WAGES, RURAL WORKERS, SAVINGS, SPREAD, STOCKS, SUBSTITUTE, SUPPLY ELASTICITY, TARIFF REVENUE, TAX, TAX RATE, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRADE REFORMS, TRANSACTION, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSACTIONS COSTS, TRUST FUNDS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNSKILLED LABOR, UNSKILLED WORKERS, URBAN EMPLOYMENT, WAGE RATES, WEALTH, WTO