Panama : Country Environmental Analysis

World Bank

Panama : Country Environmental Analysis

Autores

World Bank

Editor

Washington, DC

Descripción

Panama is experiencing spectacular economic growth, averaging 7.5 percent during 2004-06; a construction boom; and emerging new opportunities and growing export markets. Despite this impressive growth performance, at the national level poverty remained almost unchanged during 1997-2006 at around 37 percent (masking a decline in rural poverty and an increase in urban and indigenous areas). Key development challenges for Panama include: (a) sustaining its accelerated recent growth performance, and (b) translating growth into poverty reduction. Natural resources and the environment must be key elements of any successful strategy to meet these challenges. The main objective of the Panama Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) is to provide an analytical foundation to enhance the country's capacity to establish and address environmental policy priorities linked to poverty reduction and sustained economic growth. This report covers three main areas. First, the report analyzes the capabilities of Panama's institutions to perform essential tasks to manage the environment and natural resources; namely identifying problems and designing and implementing policies to solve them. The analysis therefore places great emphasis on the clarity of policies; mechanisms for coordination; use of and access to information, participation, and consultation; and, mechanisms to promote compliance with legislation. The premise of the institutional approach is that only strong institutions are able to offer efficient, equitable, and durable solutions to the increasingly complex problems faced by modern societies. Second, the report identifies environmental and natural resource management issues of key sectors, such as mining and tourism, to provide information on strategic synergies and tradeoffs involving the environment, economic growth, and poverty. Finally, the report offers new quantitative estimates in the fields of environmental health and climate change that will help the Government of Panama establish policy priorities.

Palabras clave

ACCESS TO INFORMATION, AGGRESSIVE, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AIR QUALITY, ARABLE LAND, AUDITS, BASIC LEGISLATION, BIODIVERSITY, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, CANCER, CAPACITY BUILDING, CARBON, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD SURVIVAL, CHRONIC MALNUTRITION, CITIZEN, CITIZENS, CLIMATE CHANGE, COAL, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES, CRIME, DEBT, DECISION MAKING, DEFORESTATION, DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES, DEVELOPMENT PLANS, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DISABILITY, DISEASES, ECOLOGICAL BALANCE, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS, ECOSYSTEM, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EFFECTIVE USE, EMISSION STANDARDS, EMISSIONS, EMPLOYMENT CREATION, ENDANGERED SPECIES, ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING, ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORITY, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION, ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACTIVITIES, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, ENVIRONMENTAL USE, EQUILIBRIUM, EXPENDITURES, EXPLOITATION, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FISHING, FORESTRY, FORMAL EDUCATION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, GOVERNMENT CAPACITY, GOVERNMENT RESPONSE, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT, HEALTH EFFECTS, HEALTH IMPACT, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH RISKS, HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT, HEALTHY LIFE, HIGH CHILD MORTALITY, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN HEALTH, HUMAN SETTLEMENTS, HYGIENE, ILLNESS, ILLNESSES, IMPORTANT POLICY, INDIGENOUS GROUPS, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERVENTION, LAND TENURE, LAND USE, LAWS, LIMITED RESOURCES, LIVE BIRTHS, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, LOCAL ECONOMY, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LOCAL POPULATION, LOGGING, MALARIA, MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, MANDATES, METALS, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, MORTALITY RATE, NATIONAL COUNCIL, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL PLANS, NATIONAL PRIORITIES, NATIONAL STRATEGY, NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, NATURAL CAPITAL, NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, OIL, OIL EQUIVALENT, OIL REFINERIES, OZONE, POLICY DEVELOPMENT, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, POLLUTION CONTROL, POPULATION GROWTH, PROGRESS, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC GOODS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, PUBLIC POLICY, QUANTITATIVE GOALS, RAINFOREST, RAPID POPULATION GROWTH, RATE OF GROWTH, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, RENEWABLE RESOURCES, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESOURCE CONSERVATION, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RESOURCE USE, RESPECT, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POVERTY, SAFE WATER, SANITATION, SCARCE RESOURCES, SEA LEVEL, SECTORAL POLICIES, SECTORAL PRIORITIES, SERVICE QUALITY, SET OF RECOMMENDATIONS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL IMPACT, SOCIAL ISSUES, SOCIAL PARTICIPATION, SOCIAL SECTOR, SOCIAL SECTORS, SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, SOIL EROSION, STRATEGIC PRIORITY, SUPPLY CHAINS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABLE USE, TECHNICAL CAPACITY, TRADEOFFS, URBAN AIR POLLUTION, URBAN AREAS, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN SPRAWL, URBANIZATION, USE OF RESOURCES, WAGES, WASTE, WATER POLLUTION, WATER RESOURCES, WETLANDS, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, YOUNG CHILDREN