Psychology and Behavioral Economics Lessons for the Design of a Green Growth Strategy
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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A green growth agenda requires policy
makers, from local to supranational levels, to examine and
influence behavior that impacts economic, social, and
environmental outcomes on multiple scales. Behavioral and
social change, in addition or conjunction with technological
change, is thus a crucial component of any green growth
strategy. A better understanding of how and why people
consume, preserve, or exploit resources or otherwise make
choices that collectively impact the environment has
important and far-reaching consequences for the predictive
accuracy of more sophisticated models, both of future states
of the world and of the likely impact of different growth
strategies and potential risk management strategies. The
prevailing characterization of human decision making in
policy circles is a rational economic one. Reliance on the
assumptions of rational choice excludes from consideration a
wide range of factors that affect how people make decisions
and therefore need to be considered in predictions of human
reactions to environmental conditions or proposed policy
initiatives. In addition, a more complete and more fully
descriptive understanding of decision processes provide
powerful tools for policy design that complement legal or
economic instruments or may lead to more effective
implementation of such policy instruments.
Palabras clave
ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES, AGRICULTURE, AIR POLLUTION, AIR QUALITY, ALLOCATION, BEHAVIORS, BELIEFS, BONDS, BOUNDED RATIONALITY, CALCULATION, CAPACITY BUILDING, CARBON, CARBON FOOTPRINT, CARBON OFFSET, CARBON TAX, CLEAN AIR, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, CLIMATOLOGY, CLOUDS, CO, CO2, COAL, COMBUSTION, COMPLEXITY, CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, CONSUMERS, COST-BENEFIT, CROP INSURANCE, CULTURAL NORMS, DAMAGES, DECISION MAKING, DECISION-MAKING, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISCOUNT RATE, DISCOUNT RATES, DISCUSSIONS, DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS, DNA, DOMAINS, DROUGHT, DUMPS, ECOLOGY, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC IMPACTS, ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS, ECONOMIC MODEL, ECONOMIC MODELS, ECONOMICS, ELECTRICITY, EMISSION, EMISSION REDUCTION, EMISSIONS, EMPIRICAL RESEARCH, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY SAVINGS, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, ENVIRONMENTAL DECISIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, ENVIRONMENTS, EXPECTED UTILITY, EXPECTED VALUE, EXPLOITATION, EXPLORATION, FINANCIAL COSTS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FLOOD INSURANCE, FLOODS, FORESTRY, FOSSIL FUELS, FUTURE CONSUMPTION, GAS, GLOBAL WARMING, GNP, GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, GROUP LEVEL, GROWTH POLICIES, GROWTH POLICY, GROWTH STRATEGIES, HAZARDOUS WASTE, HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE, HUMAN BEHAVIOR, HUMAN BRAIN, HUNTER-GATHERERS, HURRICANE, IDEAS, INFERENCE, INFORMATION PROCESSING, INNOVATION, INNOVATIONS, INSIGHTS, INSTRUCTION, INSTRUCTOR, INSURANCE, INSURANCE POLICY, INSURANCE PREMIUM, INVESTMENT DECISIONS, LEADING, LEARNING, LIVING CONDITIONS, LOGIC, LOTTERIES, MEMORY, MENTAL MODELS, METRICS, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEGATIVE IMPACT, NUCLEAR POWER, NUTRIENTS, OCEANS, OIL, OPTIMIZATION, OPTIMIZATION MODELS, PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, PHYSICS, POLICY DECISIONS, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, POLICY MAKERS, PORTFOLIO, POWER GENERATION, PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH, PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE, PRICE INCREASES, PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS, PROBLEM SOLVING, PRODUCTIVITY, PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, PROSPECT THEORY, PURCHASE PRICE, RADIATION, RADON, RAINFALL, RESOURCE CONSERVATION, RISK AVERSION, RISK MANAGEMENT, SIDE EFFECTS, SOCIAL FACTORS, SOCIAL IDENTITY, SOCIAL VALUES, SOURCES OF INFORMATION, SUBSTRATES, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, SUSTAINABLE USE, TAXONOMIES, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, TECHNOLOGICAL RISKS, TRADEOFFS, UNCERTAINTIES, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UTILITY FUNCTION, UTILITY MAXIMIZATION, UTILITY THEORY, VALUATION, WEALTH, WILLINGNESS TO PAY, WISDOM, WORLD ECONOMY