Managing the Miombo Woodlands of Southern Africa : Policies, Incentives and Options for the Rural Poor, Volume 2. Technical Annexes
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Miombo woodlands stretch across Southern
Africa in a belt from Angola and the Democratic Republic of
Congo (DRC) in the west to Mozambique in the east. The
miombo region covers an area of around 2.4 million km. In
some areas, miombo has been highly degraded as a result of
human use (southern Malawi and parts of Zimbabwe), while in
others, it remains relatively intact (such as in parts of
northern Mozambique, and in isolated areas of Angola and the
DRC). From a conventional forester's perspective,
miombo is fundamentally uninteresting. It supports
relatively few good commercial timber species. The
management of commercial species has been problematic. The
best areas were logged over long ago. Except in a few areas,
remaining commercially viable stocks are relatively small
and difficult to access. Public forestry institutions have,
for the most part, failed to put in place effective
management systems for forests, preferring instead to limit
their role to regulation and revenue collection, rather than
to management per se. The objectives of this paper are
threefold, and the paper is structured around these
objectives. First, in section two, the paper describes some
of opportunities for improving the use and management of
miombo woodlands. Second, in section three, outline some of
the barriers which are preventing households, communities,
and countries from adopting better and more sustainable
woodland management practices. In section four, by exploring
some of the policy opportunities for removing these
barriers, with the objective of strengthening miombo's
contribution to reducing risk and vulnerability of poor
rural households through sustainable forest management.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL EXPANSION, AGRICULTURAL INPUTS, AGRICULTURE, AGROFORESTRY, ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF INCOME, ANIMAL, ANIMAL PRODUCTS, ANIMALS, BEES, BIODIVERSITY, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, BIOMASS, BIRDS, BOTANY, BREEDING, BURNING, BUSH FIRES, CASH INCOME, CATERPILLAR, CATERPILLARS, CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH, CHARCOAL PRODUCTION, COMMERCIAL HUNTING, COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT, CONCESSION, CONFLICT, CONFLICT RESOLUTION, CONSERVATION, CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS, CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, CROP PRODUCTION, DEFORESTATION, DEGRADATION, DEMAND FOR TIMBER, DENSE POPULATIONS, DETERMINANTS, DROUGHTS, DRY FOREST, DRY FORESTS, DRY SEASON, ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS, ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS, ECOLOGY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC SHOCKS, EMPIRICAL STUDIES, ENCROACHMENT, ENTOMOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM, ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES, EXPLOITATION, EXTREME POVERTY, FARM ACTIVITIES, FARM EMPLOYMENT, FARM INCOME, FARM-GATE, FARMERS, FARMING SYSTEMS, FERNS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FIREWOOD, FISH, FISHER, FISHING, FLOWERING PLANTS, FODDER, FOOD-FOR-WORK, FOREST, FOREST ACTIVITIES, FOREST AREA, FOREST AREAS, FOREST CONSERVATION, FOREST DEPARTMENT, FOREST FIRES, FOREST FOODS, FOREST INSTITUTE, FOREST LAND, FOREST LANDSCAPES, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FOREST OPERATIONS, FOREST PLANTATIONS, FOREST PRODUCT, FOREST PRODUCTION, FOREST PRODUCTS, FOREST RESERVE, FOREST RESERVES, FOREST RESOURCE, FOREST RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, FOREST RESOURCES, FOREST REVENUE, FOREST USE, FOREST USERS, FORESTRY, FORESTRY CONTRIBUTIONS, FORESTRY DEPARTMENT, FORESTRY RESEARCH, FORESTRY RESOURCES, FORESTRY SECTOR, FORESTS, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN SETTLEMENT, ILLEGAL LOGGING, ILLEGAL TRADE, INDIGENOUS FORESTS, INSECT, INSECTS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSURANCE, ISSUES, LAND ALLOCATION, LAND TENURE, LAND USE, LAND USE SYSTEM, LAND-USE, LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES, LIVESTOCK, LOGGING, LOGS, MAMMALS, MARKET PRICES, MEDICINAL PLANT, MEDICINAL PLANTS, MOTH, NATIONAL INCOME, NATIONAL PARK, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCE BASE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, ORCHID, ORCHIDS, PLANT SPECIES, PLANTATION FORESTS, PLANTING, POLICY ENVIRONMENT, POLICY MAKERS, POOR HEALTH, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR INFRASTRUCTURE, POPULATION DENSITIES, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY ALLEVIATION EFFORTS, POVERTY MITIGATION, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPER, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPERS, POVERTY STATUS, PRODUCERS, RAIN FOREST, REGENERATION, REGIONAL FOREST, REMOTE COMMUNITIES, RESERVES, RESOURCE USE, ROADS, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DIETS, RURAL DISTRICTS, RURAL DWELLERS, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INEQUALITY, RURAL LIVELIHOOD SYSTEMS, RURAL LIVELIHOODS, RURAL MARKETS, RURAL PEOPLE, RURAL POOR, RURAL POPULATIONS, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL VILLAGES, RURAL WOMEN, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NETS, SAVINGS, SEASONAL NATURE, SHIFTING CULTIVATION, SILVICULTURE, SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS, SPECIES, STATE FORESTS, STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT, SUBSISTENCE CONSUMPTION, SUBSISTENCE USE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, TARGETING, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TERMITES, TIMBER, TIMBER HARVEST, TIMBER INDUSTRY, TIMBER PRODUCTION, TIMBER SALES, TIMBER SPECIES, TOURISM, TRADITIONAL CEREMONIES, TRADITIONAL MEDICINE, TREE, TREES, TROPICAL FORESTS, UNDISTURBED FORESTS, URBAN CENTERS, USE OF FORESTS, USE VALUE, VEGETATION, VILLAGES, WETLANDS, WOOD HARVEST, WOOD PRODUCTS, WOOD-BASED PRODUCTS, WOODLAND, WOODLAND RESOURCES, WOODLANDS