Strategic Approaches to Science and Technology in Development

Watson, Robert; Crawford, Michael; Farley, Sara

Strategic Approaches to Science and Technology in Development

Autores

Watson, Robert

Crawford, Michael

Farley, Sara

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

Watson, Crawford, and Farley examine the ways in which science and technology (S&T) support poverty alleviation and economic development and how these themes have been given emphasis or short shrift in various areas of the World Bank's work. Central to their thesis is the now well-established argument that development will increasingly depend on a country's ability to understand, interpret, select, adapt, use, transmit, diffuse, produce, and commercialize scientific and technological knowledge in ways appropriate to its culture, aspirations, and level of development. The authors go beyond this tenet, analyzing the importance of S&T for development within specific sectors. They present policy options for enhancing the effectiveness of S&T systems in developing countries, review previous experience of the World Bank and other donors in supporting S&T, and suggest changes that the World Bank and its partners can adopt to increase the impact of the work currently undertaken in S&T. The authors' main messages are: 1) S&T has always been important for development, but the unprecedented pace of advancement of scientific knowledge is rapidly creating new opportunities for and threats to development. 2) Most developing countries are largely unprepared to deal with the changes that S&T advancement will bring. 3) The World Bank's numerous actions in various domains of S&T could be more effective in producing the needed capacity improvements in client countries. 4) The World Bank could have a greater impact if it paid increased attention to S&T in education, health, rural development, private sector development, and the environment. The strategy emphasizes four S&T policy areas: education and human resources development, the private sector, the public sector, and information communications technologies.

Palabras clave

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, POVERTY REDUCTION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT, DONORS, EDUCATION & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS, HEALTH IMPROVEMENT, ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES, PUBLIC GOODS VALUATION ACCESS TO INFORMATION, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, AGRICULTURE, AIR POLLUTION, ANALYTICAL WORK, BI, BIODIVERSITY, BREEDING, CAPACITY BUILDING, CASE STUDIES, CGIAR, CGIAR CONSULTATIVE GROUP, CLIENT COUNTRIES, CLIMATE CHANGE, COLLABORATION, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COUNTRIES, COUNTRY LEVEL, DEVELOPED, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DEVELOPMENT GOALS, DEVELOPMENT GRANT FACILITY, DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTION, DEVELOPMENT NETWORK, DISEASES, ECONOMIC COOPERATION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ENGINEERS, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, FINANCIAL CAPITAL, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD SUPPLY, GREEN REVOLUTION, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH ISSUES, HEALTH NEEDS, HEALTH SERVICES, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, IARC, IMPROVED HEALTH, INCOME, INNOVATION, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTERS, INVENTIONS, LABOR FORCE, LEARNING, LENDING OPERATIONS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LOW INCOME, LOW- INCOME COUNTRIES, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MACROECONOMIC POLICIES, MARGINAL COSTS, MATERIAL WELL-BEING, MORTALITY, NARS, NATURAL CAPITAL, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, OIL, PATENTS, PESTS, POLICY DECISIONS, POLICY OPTIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POOR PEOPLE, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, PRIORITY AREAS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCTIVITY, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC GOODS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC POLICIES, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC SECTOR, REGULATORY CHALLENGES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, RESEARCH CENTERS, RESEARCH INSTITUTES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SCIENCE EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, SCIENTIFIC UNIONS, SCIENTISTS, SPAAR, SPECIAL PROGRAM FOR AFRICAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, SUSTAINABLE USE, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TIME FRAME, UNITED NATIONS, WHEAT, WHEAT YIELDS, WORLD BANK LENDING, YOUNG PEOPLE, PUBLIC GOODS VALUATION, ACCESS TO INFORMATION