China and the Knowledge Economy : Challenges and Opportunities

Zeng, Douglas Zhihua; Wang, Shuilin

China and the Knowledge Economy : Challenges and Opportunities

Autores

Zeng, Douglas Zhihua

Wang, Shuilin

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

The rapid pace of economic growth in China has been unprecedented since the start of economic reforms in late 1970s. It has delivered higher incomes and made the largest single contribution to global poverty reduction. Measured by international poverty lines, from 1978-2004, the absolute poor population in rural areas has dropped from 250 million to 26.1 million. Such gains are impressive and have been driven largely by a set of market-oriented institutional reforms, strong investment, and effective adoption and application of various knowledge and technologies, especially foreign ones through trade and foreign direct investment. While enjoying tremendous success, China also faces many challenges that need to be addressed to sustain its long-term development. These include weak institutions, low overall educational attainment, weak indigenous innovation capacity, poor links between research and development and industries, and so on. This paper provides an analysis of some strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges to China's knowledge economy in the areas of economic incentives and institutional regime, human capital, innovation system, and information infrastructure.

Palabras clave

ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT, ACCREDITATION, ADULT LITERACY, ADVANCED RESEARCH, AGRICULTURE, BASIC, BASIC EDUCATION, CAPITAL MARKETS, CAREER, CAREER GUIDANCE, CHEMISTRY, CITIZENS, CIVIL SOCIETY, COLLABORATION, COLLEGE GRADUATES, COLLEGE LEVEL, COMPETITIVE BIDDING, CREDIT TRANSFER, CURRICULUM, DECISION-MAKING, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISCIPLINES, DISCRIMINATION, DISSERTATIONS, DISTANCE EDUCATION, E-COMMERCE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EMPLOYMENT, ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS, ENGINEERING, ENGINEERS, ENROLLMENT RATIO, EXPENDITURES, EXTENSION, EXTENSION SERVICES, FARMS, FERTILITY, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, GLOBAL MARKET, GLOBAL POVERTY, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, HARDWARE, HIGHER INCOMES, HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN POTENTIAL, HUMAN RESOURCES, INCOME INEQUALITY, INFORMATION INDUSTRIES, INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INFORMATION SERVICES, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY, IT SERVICES, KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCES, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABORATORIES, LAND TENURE, LEARNING, LIFELONG LEARNING, LITERACY, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, LOCAL ECONOMY, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, MARKET ECONOMY, MEDIA, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MII, MINISTRY OF INFORMATION, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL LEVELS, NGOS, NUMBER OF PERSONS, OPEN DOOR, OUTSOURCING, PACIFIC REGION, PAPERS, PERSONAL COMPUTERS, PERSONAL RELATIONS, PHYSICS, POLICY CHANGE, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRIVATE EDUCATION, PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES, QUALITY CONTROL, QUALITY HIGHER EDUCATION, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, R&D, RADIO, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, REGULATORY REGIME, RESEARCH CENTERS, RESEARCH INSTITUTES, RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS, RESEARCH PROGRAMS, RESEARCHERS, RULE OF LAW, RURAL AREAS, SCHOOLS, SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS, SCIENTISTS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SKILLED LABOR, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL SECURITY, TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, TELECOM COMPANIES, TELEVISION, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TERTIARY ENROLLMENTS, TERTIARY GRADUATES, TERTIARY LEVEL, TV, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNIVERSAL SERVICE, UNIVERSITIES, URBAN AREAS