Mexico 2006-2012 : Creating the Foundations for Equitable Growth
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Washington, DC
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The chapters, or "policy
notes," of this report, creating the foundations for
equitable growth in Mexico 2006-2012, are dedicated to
trying to solve parts of the puzzle as to why Mexico's
level of economic development has failed to approach the
level of its NAFTA trading partners, or the level of a
typical OECD member state. Each chapter of this new report
uses the 2000 policy notes as a reference. In this report,
the authors have tried to be selective on the issues, and
they explored multi-sector issues by joining themes such as
education and labor markets in one chapter, or health and
old age security in a single chapter. In this overview, the
authors set the stage by outlining the common themes and
messages that emerge from the eleven chapters of this
report. There are three themes that are highlighted: 1)
Mexico can do better; 2) Mexico is between two worlds and
there are two worlds within Mexico. Mexico's standards
of living, human and physical capital and institutions are
all quite advanced compared to low income countries or
compared to lower middle income countries in Latin America.
On the other hand, Mexico lags far behind OECD averages.
Within Mexico, there is a further dichotomy due to the high
degree of inequality across individuals and across regions;
3) Policies for equitable growth are the answer. In the
chapters of this report, it is emphasized that institutional
change is the key to improving the regulation and
performance of both the public and private sectors. The
authors also highlight that restructuring government
spending in a variety of sectors-in particular, establishing
a more progressive allocation of spending-would be the key
to initiating a phase of more growth and more equitable
growth. Finally, they note that despite progress in
improving economic and environmental stability in Mexico,
there is still a remaining agenda of reform to assure sustainability.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO CREDIT, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ACCOUNTING, ADMINISTRATIVE BURDEN, ADMINISTRATIVE BURDENS, ADULT EDUCATION, ADULT EDUCATION PROGRAM, AIR POLLUTION, AIR POLLUTION CONTROL, AQUIFERS, BASIC PENSION, BASIC SOCIAL SERVICES, BENEFICIARIES, BONDS, BORROWER, BUSINESS CLIMATE, CALCULATIONS, CAPITAL EXPENDITURES, CHECKS, CLIMATE CHANGE, COMMERCIAL BANKS, CONTRIBUTION, CONTRIBUTION SCHEME, CONTRIBUTIONS, COST OF LABOR, CREDIT BUREAUS, CREDIT RATING, CULTURAL TRADITION, CURRENT EXPENDITURE, DEBT, DECISION MAKING, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE, DISSEMINATION, DIVERSIFICATION, DOMESTIC CREDIT, EARLY CHILDHOOD, EARNINGS, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC COST, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC IMPACT, ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMIC PROGRESS, ECONOMISTS, EDUCATION PROGRAMS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EFFECTIVE USE, ELDERLY, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EMPIRICAL STUDIES, EMPLOYEE PENSION, EMPLOYEE PENSIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM, EQUILIBRIUM, EXPENDITURES, EXPLOITATION, EXTENSION SERVICE, EXTENSION SYSTEMS, FINANCES, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FINANCIAL REGULATION, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FINANCIAL STABILITY, FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY, FINANCIAL SYSTEM, FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY, FOREIGN CURRENCY, FUTURE EARNINGS, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, GREENHOUSE GASES, GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, GROUNDWATER, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, HEALTH INSURANCE, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN WELFARE, IMPORTS, INCOME, INCOME LEVELS, INCOMES, INDEBTEDNESS, INDIGENOUS GROUPS, INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INFLATION, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE, INSURANCE, INTEREST RATES, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, INVESTMENT DECISIONS, JOB CREATION, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LACK OF INFORMATION, LAND USE, LEGAL STATUS, LEGISLATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVE BIRTHS, LIVING STANDARDS, LOW INCOME, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MARKET DISTORTIONS, MONETARY POLICY, MONOPOLIES, NATIONAL INCOME, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCES, OIL, OIL EQUIVALENT, OIL PRICES, OIL RESERVES, OIL SECTOR, OLD AGE, OLD-AGE, PATENTS, PENSION, PENSION BENEFITS, PENSION COVERAGE, PENSION REFORM, PENSION RIGHTS, PENSION SYSTEM, PENSION SYSTEMS, PENSIONS, POLICY DECISIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POLITICAL PARTIES, POLITICAL PARTY, POLLUTION REGULATION, POOR FAMILIES, POPULATION PRESSURES, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION COSTS, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY LOSSES, PROGRESS, PROVEN OIL RESERVES, PROVEN RESERVES, PUBLIC DEBATE, PUBLIC DEBT, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, PUBLIC SERVICE, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, REAL WAGES, REMITTANCES, RESOURCE CONSERVATION, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RESOURCE USE, RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, RESPONSIBILITIES, RETIREMENT, RETIREMENT AGE, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL POVERTY, SALES, SANITATION, SAVINGS, SAVINGS ACCOUNT, SCHOOL YEAR, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS, SECURITIES, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, SERVICE DELIVERY, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL CONDITIONS, SOCIAL INSURANCE, SOCIAL POLICIES, SOCIAL POLICY, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIAL WELFARE, SOURCES OF INCOME, STAKEHOLDERS, START-UP COST, STREAMS, SUPPORT PROGRAMS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE USE, SUSTAINABLE WATER, TAX REFORM, TAX REVENUE, TAXATION, TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TRANSPORTATION, UNIONS, URBAN AREAS, WAGE, WAGE COSTS, WAGES, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCES, WETLANDS, WITHDRAWAL, YOUNG ADULTS