Trade Reforms, Market Access, and Poverty in Argentina
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Much of the literature that studies the
relationship between trade and poverty in developing
countries focuses on the effects of national trade reforms,
such as own tariff reductions. In contrast, the World Trade
Organization negotiations at the Doha Round were more
concerned with the poverty effects on low-income countries,
and of foreign reforms, such as the elimination of
agricultural subsidies in industrial economies. The author
empirically compares the relative poverty impacts of
national and foreign trade reforms in Argentina. The author
investigates national trade reforms, including tariff cuts
on consumption goods and capital goods in Argentina. Foreign
trade reforms include the elimination, in industrial
countries, of agricultural subsidies and trade barriers on
agricultural manufactures and industrial manufactures. These
policies enhance the market access of Argentine exports.
Overall, a combination of own reforms and enhanced market
access would cause poverty to decline by between 1.7 and 4.6
percentage points. This evidence suggests that trade
policies can be important poverty-reducing instruments in Argentina.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES, AGRICULTURE, AVERAGE TARIFF, AVERAGE TARIFFS, CAPITAL GOODS, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE, CONSUMERS, DEMAND ANALYSIS, DEMAND ELASTICITIES, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, ECONOMETRICS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC REVIEW, ELASTICITIES, ELASTICITY, ELASTICITY OF DEMAND, ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY, ELIMINATION OF TARIFFS, EMPLOYMENT, EQUILIBRIUM, EQUILIBRIUM PRICES, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTS, EXCHANGE RATES, EXPORT PRICES, EXPORT SUBSIDIES, EXPORT SUPPLY, EXPORTS, EXTERNAL TARIFF, EXTREME POVERTY, FACTOR ENDOWMENTS, FACTOR PRICE, FACTOR PRICES, FACTORS OF PRODUCTION, FOREIGN TRADE, FOREIGN TRADE POLICY, GDP, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL, GLOBAL TRADE, IMPORT PRICES, IMPORTS, INCOME, INCOME EFFECTS, INTERMEDIATE GOODS, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL PRICES, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR SUPPLY, LEISURE, LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MARGINAL EFFECTS, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET INFORMATION, MARKET SURVEYS, MICROECONOMICS, NATURAL RESOURCES, PERFECT COMPETITION, POLICY RESEARCH, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POVERTY LINE, PRICE CHANGES, PRICE ELASTICITY, PRICE INCREASES, PRICE INDEXES, PRODUCERS, QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS, QUOTA IMPORTS, REGIONAL TRADE, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, SUBSTITUTES, TARIFF BARRIERS, TARIFF PROTECTION, TARIFF RATE, TARIFF REDUCTIONS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TIME SERIES, TRADE AGREEMENT, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRADE PROTECTION, TRADE REFORM, TRADE REFORMS, UNSKILLED LABOR, UNSKILLED WORKERS, WAGES, WELFARE EFFECTS, WELFARE IMPACTS, WORLD PRICES, WORLD TRADE, WTO TRADE REGIME, TRADE STRUCTURE, REFORM POLICY, MARKET ACCESS, POVERTY INCIDENCE, DOMESTIC TRADE, TARIFF REDUCTIONS, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, LOW-INCOME ECONOMIES, FOREIGN TRADE, AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES, CAPITAL GOODS, CONSUMPTION PATTERNS, TRADE BARRIERS, EXPORT DEVELOPMENT, POVERTY REDUCTION, TRADE REGIME, WTO