Measuring National Income and Growth in Resource-Rich, Income-Poor Countries
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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In the decade leading to the recent
commodity boom, which peaked in 2007-08, several
resource-rich, low-income countries displayed high rates of
gross domestic product (GDP) growth while social indicators
did not improve significantly. It is well known that, in
itself, the widely tracked GDP may not be the most relevant
summary of aggregate economic performance in all places at
all times. This note suggests that for countries with
significant exhaustible natural resources and important
foreign-investor presence, adjusted net national income
(aNNI), can usefully complement GDP to assess economic progress.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTING, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURE, ASSETS, AVERAGE GROWTH RATES, BANK STAFF, CAPITAL ACCUMULATION, CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, CAPITAL STOCK, CASH FLOW, COMMODITY, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, DAMAGES, DEBT, DEPRECIATION OF ASSETS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DOMESTIC PRODUCT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC PROGRESS, ECONOMICS RESEARCH, EMPLOYMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, FINANCIAL ASSETS, FISCAL POLICIES, FISCAL POLICY, FIXED CAPITAL, FOREIGN ASSETS, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FOREIGN SAVINGS, GDP, GROSS NATIONAL SAVINGS, GROWTH RATES, HUMAN CAPITAL, INCOME LEVELS, INCOMES, INTANGIBLE, INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MACROECONOMIC POLICIES, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, MISMANAGEMENT, NATIONAL INCOME, NATURAL CAPITAL, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NET FOREIGN ASSETS, NET SAVINGS, OPERATING EXPENDITURES, PER CAPITA INCOME, POLLUTION, PRODUCTIVITY, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, PUBLIC INVESTMENT PROGRAMS, REAL GDP, RENTS, SAVINGS, SAVINGS RATES, SOCIAL WELFARE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, TAXATION, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, VIRTUOUS CYCLE, VOLATILITY, WAGES, WEALTH, WEALTH CREATION, WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS