Clean and Improved Cooking in Sub-Saharan Africa
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Evidence from the most recent World
Health Organization (WHO) survey on the global burden of
disease shows that nearly 600,000 Africans die annually and
millions more suffer from chronic illnesses caused by air
pollution from inefficient and dangerous traditional cooking
fuels and stoves. This tragic and avoidable first-order
public health crisis disproportionately harms women and
children. Moreover, cooking with wood, charcoal, crop waste,
dung, coal, and potentially dangerous and polluting modern
fuels, such as kerosene, also imposes tremendous direct
costs on economies and households in Sub-Saharan Africa
(SSA) and contributes to a wide range of negative
environmental and climate change effects.This overview
report, prepared in support of the World Bank’s Africa Clean
Cooking Energy Solutions (ACCES) initiative, builds on
earlier reports from the World Bank and the Global Alliance
for Clean Cookstoves (GACC). The report establishes a
baseline for the SSA cooking landscape and offers an
overview of emerging opportunities to encourage increased
investment in clean and improved cooking businesses across
the region. This report covers the full range of clean and
improved cooking solutions in SSA that can enhance the fuel
efficiency and emissions performance of traditional
technologies, each varying widely in terms of fuel
feedstock, design, construction materials, methods of
production, and harm mitigation potential.
Palabras clave
SOLAR HOME, WOOD, PLANT OIL, SOLAR PROJECT, BIOENERGY, CARBON DIOXIDE, FOSSIL FUELS, DRY BIOMASS, AIR QUALITY, ELECTRICITY COSTS, FUEL SOURCES, ENERGY TECHNOLOGY, TRADITIONAL BIOMASS, ALCOHOL • FUEL, ENERGY SAVING, EMISSION REDUCTION, GHGS, SMOKE, ETHANOL, ANIMAL DUNG, SUNNY DAYS, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, EMISSION REDUCTIONS, GREENHOUSE GAS, PORTABLE STOVE, LIQUID BIOFUEL, CLIMATE BENEFITS, RENEWABLE FUELS, OIL PRICES, TRADITIONAL FUEL, AIR POLLUTION, BIOMASS RESOURCES, CLEAN FUELS, FUEL COLLECTION, ENERGY SOURCES, RURAL CONSUMER, GHG, GLOBAL WARMING, BIOFUEL PRODUCTION, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY SERVICES, ENERGY AUDIT, ALTERNATIVE FUELS, BIO ENERGY, BURNING STOVES, SOLAR ENERGY, ENERGY SECTOR, LIGHTING, FUELS, SUBSIDIES, GREENHOUSE GASES, CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES, CARBON EMISSIONS, GASIFICATION, WOOD USE, FUEL SUPPLY, FUEL EFFICIENCY, CROP, CARBON REVENUE, CROP WASTE, ELECTRIC POWER, SUSTAINABLE MARKETS, ENERGY ASSESSMENT, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT, BIO-ETHANOL, HOUSEHOLD FUELS, FOSSIL FUEL, ENERGY STRATEGY, FUEL PRICES, END-USER, CLAY STOVES, BIOGAS DIGESTERS, CO, CERAMIC LINER, SOLID FUEL, SOLAR SYSTEMS, VILLAGE ENERGY, CHARCOAL KILNS, KEROSENE PRESSURE, PORTABLE • STOVES, ENERGY POVERTY, BIOMASS ENERGY, BIOFUEL, NATURAL RESOURCE, SOLAR LANTERNS, CHARCOAL PRODUCTION, DOMESTIC ENERGY, COOK” STOVE, FUEL, TRADITIONAL STOVES, CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, METHANE, REFRIGERATORS, BIOFUELS, NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY, DISTILLERIES, SUSTAINABLE MARKET, ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION, KEROSENE, ALTERNATIVE FUEL, FUEL MIX, CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONS, FUEL SUPPLIES, COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY, CARBON CREDIT, MANURE, DUNG, ENERGY MARKETS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, RENEWABLE ENERGY ACCESS, ENERGY SOURCE, BULK PURCHASES, CLEAN ENERGY, BIOMASS STOVES, SOLAR THERMAL, LIQUID FUELS, BIOGAS, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS, USE OF BIOMASS, SOLAR RADIATION, TRADITIONAL FUELS, ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, RURAL CONSUMERS, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, BIOMASS, CARBON REVENUE STREAMS, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, AIR FLOW, COOK STOVE, SOLAR PANELS, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, COOKING, RURAL ENERGY, SOLID FUELS, BIOGAS PLANTS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, END- USER, POLLUTION, CARBON REVENUES, LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS, METHANOL, FOSSIL‐FUEL, FUEL CONSUMPTION, CARBON FINANCE, FUEL WOOD, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, SOLAR LANTERN, ENERGY SECURITY, EFFICIENT STOVES, CLIMATE CHANGE, THERMAL EFFICIENCY, BIOMASS STOVE, CARBON CREDITS, ACCESS TO CAPITAL, DEFORESTATION, URBAN HOUSEHOLD, CHARCOAL, CARBON REDUCTION, FUEL SHORTAGES, BIOGAS PLANT, SOLID BIOMASS, TRADITIONAL KILNS, ELECTRICITY TARIFFS, ETHANOL GEL, CARBON MONOXIDE, ENERGY ASSESSMENTS, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, CLEAN FUEL, ELECTRICITY PRICES, CHARCOAL DUST, NATURAL GAS, FUEL PRODUCTION, FUEL PRICE, RENEWABLE FUEL, ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, RURAL AREAS, HOUSEHOLD LIGHTING, ENERGY MANAGEMENT, FUEL SOURCE, ENERGY ECONOMICS, PORTABLE STOVES, EFFICIENT STOVE, LIQUID BIOFUELS, DISTILLERY, TRADITIONAL STOVE, HOUSEHOLD FUEL, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION, ENERGY INVESTMENT, RENEWABLE PROJECTS, URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, COOK STOVES, BIOGAS DIGESTER, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY, ENERGY ACCESS, HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES, RENEWABLE ENERGY, WOODS, GAS STOVES, JATROPHA, GREEN ENERGY