Efecto del aluminio en el desarrollo del algodonero (Gossypium hirsutum L.) en el departamento del Meta
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Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario
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El presente trabajo se efectuó en las vegas del rió Negrito, en la finca "Agrosan", departamento del
Meta, donde se observó mal desarrollo algodonero el cual se relacionó con toxicidad de aluminio, mediante muestreo de suelos preliminares. Para demostrar esta hipótesis se reprodujo la sintomatología en materas usando suelos de terraza alta (3,5 me Al/l00 g) y suelos de vega sin aluminio, usando diferentes proporciones de ellos a fin de formar
suelos cuyos subsuelos con aluminio estuvieran a 0.5-10.1 5.20 y 30 cm de profundidad y sembrando la variedad Delta Pine Smooth Leaf. Así mismo, se hicieron muestreos de suelos en 11 sitios donde se encontraban plantas de diferentes tamaños. Con los datos obtenidos en estos muestreos se programaron análisis de regresiones y correlaciones simples para
estudiar las relaciones entre altura de plantas y profundidad de raíces.
La sintomatología de las plantas afectadas, en el campo y en las materas, fue similar y se denominó "enanismo", lo cual se caracteriza por plantas achaparradas, tallos delgados con escasa ramificación y poca cantidad de hojas y flores. La raíz principal al entrar en contacto con aluminio sufre un cambio brusco de dirección, y se deforma presentando la apariencia de una "pata de gallina". Su grosor y longitud dependió de la profundidad de la barrera química formada por aluminio. Los análisis de regresión dieron una ecuación positiva y altamente significativa (R = 0,83) entre altura de planta y profundidad de la raíz y relaciones inversas y altamente significativas entre altura de plantas y porcentaje de saturación de aluminio (R =.0,72), y entre profundidad de raíces y porcentaje de saturación de aluminio (R = -0,7 6).
This study was performed on the soils of the old river bottom (vegon) of the Negrito River in the Department of Meta, Colombia. Cotton grown on these soils were stunted or dwarf and was related to aluminum toxicity by preliminary soil analysis. To demostrate this hypothesis the symptoms were reproduced in pots using soils of the high terrace (3.5 me Al/100 g) and soil of the river bottom without aluminum and combined to form soil with subsoils high in aluminum at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm deep. Cultivar Delta Pine Smooth Leaf used. The plants were short, had thin stenis with few branches, leaves, flowers and therefore low yields. The main root grown start until it meet a barrier of exchangeable aluminum then it wold form a right angle or it would branch out forming a figure similar to a chicken's foot. Eleven soil samples were taken where plants had different height, analyzed and regression equation were found and correlation were calculated to study the relationship between root depth and plant height; and % Al saturation with plant height and root depth. A highly significant correlation (R = 0.83) was found between root depth and plant height. A highly significant inverse relationship was found with percent saturation of exchangeable aluminum vs. root growth(R 0,76), and height of plants (R = 0,72). These results showed that for an economical growth of cotton the soil must have less than 10% of exchangeable aluminum from 0 - 15 cm deep in the profile.
Algodón
Gossypium herbaceum
This study was performed on the soils of the old river bottom (vegon) of the Negrito River in the Department of Meta, Colombia. Cotton grown on these soils were stunted or dwarf and was related to aluminum toxicity by preliminary soil analysis. To demostrate this hypothesis the symptoms were reproduced in pots using soils of the high terrace (3.5 me Al/100 g) and soil of the river bottom without aluminum and combined to form soil with subsoils high in aluminum at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm deep. Cultivar Delta Pine Smooth Leaf used. The plants were short, had thin stenis with few branches, leaves, flowers and therefore low yields. The main root grown start until it meet a barrier of exchangeable aluminum then it wold form a right angle or it would branch out forming a figure similar to a chicken's foot. Eleven soil samples were taken where plants had different height, analyzed and regression equation were found and correlation were calculated to study the relationship between root depth and plant height; and % Al saturation with plant height and root depth. A highly significant correlation (R = 0.83) was found between root depth and plant height. A highly significant inverse relationship was found with percent saturation of exchangeable aluminum vs. root growth(R 0,76), and height of plants (R = 0,72). These results showed that for an economical growth of cotton the soil must have less than 10% of exchangeable aluminum from 0 - 15 cm deep in the profile.
Algodón
Gossypium herbaceum
Palabras clave
Preparación del suelo - F07, Algodón, Gossypium, Aluminio, Fertilidad del suelo, Transitorios