Africa’s Demographic Transition
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Declines in child mortality, followed by
declines in fertility, produce a youth bulge generation and
a period when a country has a large number of working age
people and a smaller number of dependents. If gainfully
employed, a large number of workers per capita gives a boost
to the economy. The different demographic profiles,
including stubbornly high fertility rates in a majority of
Sub-Saharan African countries, make it urgent to act with
targeted attention to country context and specific needs
across a number of sectors. To reap a large demographic
dividend, Africa requires policies that accelerate the
reduction in child mortality and help couples to achieve a
smaller family size, empower women and girls by improving
their health, increasing investment in their education and
skills, and providing them with greater market, social, and
decision-making power. The size and duration of a dividend
will also depend on job creation and improvements in
domestic saving.
Palabras clave
SKILLS, CHILD HEALTH, EQUITY, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, FEMALE EDUCATION, SOCIAL NORMS, DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILES, HUMAN CAPITAL, POPULATION STRUCTURES, OLDER PEOPLE, WORKFORCE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, PEOPLE, POLICIES, BARRIERS, MORTALITY LEVELS, DISPOSABLE INCOME, WOMAN, PARTICIPATION, FAMILY, INCOME, AGE, CHILD MARRIAGE, GENDER, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE, INFORMATION, LABOR FORCE, DIVIDEND, FEWER CHILDREN, GENDER EQUITY, AGRICULTURE, YOUTH, HEALTH, JOB CREATION, NUTRITION, DECLINES IN MORTALITY, SAVING, POLICY, OUTPUT, CHILD MORTALITY, LIFE EXPECTANCY, GOVERNANCE, NUMBER OF WORKERS, CHILDREN PER WOMAN, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, KNOWLEDGE, TRADE, DECLINES IN FERTILITY, LABOR MARKET, PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN, CHILDREN, SAVINGS, LEGAL SYSTEM, EDUCATION, INVESTMENT, POPULATION KNOWLEDGE, POPULATION STRUCTURE, SHARE, TOTAL FERTILITY RATE, RURAL AREAS, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, FERTILITY RATES, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY, FAMILY SIZE, POPULATION PYRAMID, POPULATION, FERTILITY RATE, GIRLS, INVESTMENTS, INTERVENTIONS, FERTILITY, MARRIAGE, DEMOGRAPHIC, WOMEN, FERTILITY DECLINE, INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION, MORTALITY, EDUCATED WOMEN