Reducing Distortions in International Commodity Markets : An Agenda for Multilateral Cooperation

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dc.creatorHoekman, Bernard
dc.creatorMartin, Will
dc.date2012-03-19T17:28:22Z
dc.date2012-03-19T17:28:22Z
dc.date2012-01-01
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:06:24Z
dc.descriptionGlobal commodity markets are affected by a variety of government policies that may expand or lower overall supply and as a result affect world prices for the specific products concerned. Market failures and market structures (market power along the value chain) also affect supply. This paper briefly reviews a number of factors that may distort international commodity markets with a view to identifying elements of an agenda for multilateral cooperation to reduce such distortions. Much of the policy agenda that arises is domestic and requires action by national governments. But numerous policies -- or absence of policy -- generate international spillovers that call for the negotiation of international policy disciplines. Independent of whether distortions are local or international in scope, the complexity of prevailing market structures and their impacts on efficiency call for much greater monitoring and analysis by the international community.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20120103113143
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3214
dc.identifier10.1596/1813-9450-5928
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/415251
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relationPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5928
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectACCESS TO MARKETS
dc.subjectADVERSE CONSEQUENCES
dc.subjectADVERSE IMPACT
dc.subjectADVERSE IMPACTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL MARKETS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL TRADE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectANTIDUMPING
dc.subjectANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT
dc.subjectANTITRUST LAW
dc.subjectAUTONOMY
dc.subjectAVERAGE PRICES
dc.subjectBARRIER
dc.subjectBARRIERS TO ENTRY
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectBORDER PROTECTION
dc.subjectBRANDS
dc.subjectBUSINESS PRACTICES
dc.subjectBUYING POWER
dc.subjectCAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS
dc.subjectCARTEL
dc.subjectCODE OF CONDUCT
dc.subjectCOLLUSION
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES
dc.subjectCOMMODITY
dc.subjectCOMMODITY EXPORTERS
dc.subjectCOMMODITY EXPORTS
dc.subjectCOMMODITY PRICE
dc.subjectCOMMODITY PRICES
dc.subjectCOMPETITION AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectCOMPETITION LEGISLATION
dc.subjectCOMPETITION POLICY
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICES
dc.subjectCONSUMER SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCONTESTABILITY
dc.subjectCONTROLLED PRICES
dc.subjectCOST REDUCTION
dc.subjectCUMULATIVE EFFECT
dc.subjectDEMAND ELASTICITY
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDOMESTIC CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectDOMESTIC DEMAND
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKETS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRICE
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRICES
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRODUCERS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRODUCTION
dc.subjectECONOMIC COOPERATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC EFFECTS
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF DEMAND
dc.subjectEMERGING ECONOMIES
dc.subjectEMERGING MARKET
dc.subjectEMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES
dc.subjectEMERGING MARKETS
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTS
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXPORT BARRIERS
dc.subjectEXPORT CARTELS
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKET
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKETS
dc.subjectEXPORT PRICES
dc.subjectEXPORT SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectEXPORT SUPPLY
dc.subjectEXPORT TAXES
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectEXTERNALITY
dc.subjectFINAL GOODS
dc.subjectFIXED COSTS
dc.subjectFOOD INDUSTRY
dc.subjectFOOD PRICE
dc.subjectFOOD PRICES
dc.subjectFOOD PRODUCTION
dc.subjectFOREIGN MARKETS
dc.subjectFOREIGN PRODUCERS
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKET
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKETS
dc.subjectGLOBALIZATION
dc.subjectHOME COUNTRY
dc.subjectHOME MARKET
dc.subjectIMPERFECT COMPETITION
dc.subjectIMPORT BARRIERS
dc.subjectIMPORT DUTIES
dc.subjectIMPORT PRICES
dc.subjectIMPORT PROTECTION
dc.subjectIMPORT TARIFF
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOMES
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL POLICY
dc.subjectINPUT PRICES
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTERMEDIATE INPUTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL PRICES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL SPILLOVERS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectJURISDICTION
dc.subjectJURISDICTIONS
dc.subjectLEGAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectMARGINAL COST
dc.subjectMARGINAL COSTS
dc.subjectMARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectMARKET CONCENTRATION
dc.subjectMARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subjectMARKET DEMAND
dc.subjectMARKET DISTORTIONS
dc.subjectMARKET ECONOMIES
dc.subjectMARKET ENTRY
dc.subjectMARKET FAILURE
dc.subjectMARKET FAILURES
dc.subjectMARKET POWER
dc.subjectMARKET PRICE
dc.subjectMARKET PRICES
dc.subjectMARKET REFORMS
dc.subjectMARKET SEGMENTS
dc.subjectMARKET STRUCTURE
dc.subjectMARKET STRUCTURES
dc.subjectMIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMONOPOLIES
dc.subjectMONOPOLY
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectNATIONAL COMPETITION
dc.subjectNATIONAL COMPETITION AUTHORITY
dc.subjectNATIONAL INCOME
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCE
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectNEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectNEGATIVE SPILLOVERS
dc.subjectOIL PRICE
dc.subjectOIL PRICES
dc.subjectOLIGOPOLY
dc.subjectOUTPUT
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPRICE BEHAVIOR
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGES
dc.subjectPRICE COMPETITION
dc.subjectPRICE DECLINES
dc.subjectPRICE DISTORTIONS
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASES
dc.subjectPRICE LEVELS
dc.subjectPRICE STABILIZATION
dc.subjectPRICE SUPPORT
dc.subjectPRICE VOLATILITY
dc.subjectPRODUCER PRICE
dc.subjectPRODUCT MARKETS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION COSTS
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectPROFIT MARGINS
dc.subjectPROTECTION MEASURES
dc.subjectPROTECTION RATES
dc.subjectPROTECTIONISM
dc.subjectQUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS
dc.subjectQUOTAS
dc.subjectRATES OF PROTECTION
dc.subjectRECIPROCAL BASIS
dc.subjectRELEVANT MARKETS
dc.subjectRETAIL
dc.subjectRETAIL PRICES
dc.subjectRETAILING
dc.subjectSALE
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSOCIAL COSTS
dc.subjectSTOCKS
dc.subjectSUBSTITUTE
dc.subjectSUBSTITUTES
dc.subjectSUPPLIER
dc.subjectSUPPLIERS
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAIN
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAINS
dc.subjectSURPLUS
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectTARIFF EQUIVALENT
dc.subjectTARIFF REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX CONCESSIONS
dc.subjectTAX CREDITS
dc.subjectTAX RATES
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
dc.subjectTERMS OF TRADE
dc.subjectTERMS OF TRADE EFFECTS
dc.subjectTRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectTRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectTRADE OBJECTIVES
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY ACTION
dc.subjectTRADE REFORMS
dc.subjectTRADE RESTRICTIONS
dc.subjectTRADING SYSTEM
dc.subjectTRADING SYSTEMS
dc.subjectTRANSPARENCY
dc.subjectUNILATERAL REFORMS
dc.subjectURUGUAY ROUND
dc.subjectVOLATILITY
dc.subjectVOLUME OF TRADE
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWEALTH
dc.subjectWELFARE GAINS
dc.subjectWELFARE IMPACTS
dc.subjectWELFARE LOSSES
dc.subjectWELFARE OF CONSUMERS
dc.subjectWHOLESALERS
dc.subjectWORKING CAPITAL
dc.subjectWORLD ECONOMY
dc.subjectWORLD MARKET
dc.subjectWORLD MARKETS
dc.subjectWORLD PRICES
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleReducing Distortions in International Commodity Markets : An Agenda for Multilateral Cooperation

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