Reducing Disease Risk in Aquaculture
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Washington, DC
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There are thousands of rickettsial,
viral, bacterial, protozoan, and metazoan parasites that
cause disease in farmed aquatic animals. While the basics of
farm-level disease management are known, the
interconnectedness among aquaculture installations and
between aquaculture and the external environment means that
only a few careless farms can ruin an industry. Considering
the gravity and frequency of fish disease outbreaks,
guidelines on the development and implementation of national
policies for their prevention, detection, and management are
urgently needed. Hampering this is the lack of a
comprehensive overview of the practical ways and means of
regulating aquaculture that will permit both governments and
aqua culturists to: (1) calculate the cost-benefit ratio of
investments in disease control, and (2) find a
cost-effective strategy for the implementation of best
practices. The study is based on review of published and
unpublished data supplied by the Chilean, Vietnamese,
Malagasy, and Mozambican authorities, researchers, and local
aquaculture investors and other stakeholders. The selection
of case studies was guided by the need to explore disease
outbreaks in a range of geographical and industrial
development scenarios. The three case studies capture the
breadth and depth of experience among farmers and
governments confronted with catastrophic disease outbreaks
in aquaculture. The overarching lesson is that successful
aquaculture depends on the capacity of biological systems to
support it. Defining the capacities of bodies of water is
essential in order to regulate the number of farms and to
set limits on the maximum production in farming areas.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, ANIMAL DISEASES, ANIMAL HEALTH, ANIMAL POPULATIONS, ANIMAL WELFARE, AQUACULTURE, AQUACULTURE COMPANIES, AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT, AQUACULTURE ENGINEERING, AQUACULTURE FARMS, AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY, AQUACULTURE INSTALLATIONS, AQUACULTURE LAW, AQUACULTURE PRODUCERS, AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION, AQUACULTURE PROGRAM, AQUACULTURE REGULATIONS, AQUACULTURE SECTOR, AQUACULTURE TECHNOLOGY, AQUACULTURIST, AQUATIC ANIMALS, AQUATIC ORGANISMS, AQUATIC RESOURCES, ATLANTIC SALMON, BACTERIA, BALLAST WATER, BIOTECHNOLOGY, CAPTURE FISHERIES, CARRYING CAPACITY, CATFISH, CAUSES OF MORTALITY, CHINOOK SALMON, COASTAL AREAS, COASTAL WATERS, COHO SALMON, DRAINAGE, ECOLOGY, ECONOMIC IMPACT, ECONOMICS, ECOSYSTEM APPROACH, ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, EPIDEMIOLOGY, EQUIPMENT, EXPORT MARKETS, EXPORT VALUE, EXTENSION, FEED, FISH DISEASES, FISH EGGS, FISH FARMING, FISH FARMS, FISH HEALTH, FISH HEALTH MANAGEMENT, FISH INSPECTION, FISH NUTRITION, FISHERIES, FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT, FISHERIES REGULATIONS, FISHERIES SERVICE, FISHING, FISHING GEAR, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD QUALITY, FOOD SAFETY, FOOD SECURITY, FRY, GENETICS, HAKE, HATCHERIES, HEALTH PLANNING, HEALTH SERVICES, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INFLUENZA, INLAND FISHERIES, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, ISOLATION, LABORATORIES, LAWS, LIVESTOCK, MARINE FISHERY, MARINE HARVEST, MARINE RESOURCES, MICROBIOLOGY, MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, MINISTRY OF FISHERIES, MORTALITY, NATIONAL FISHERIES, OCEANOGRAPHY, OCEANS, PARASITES, PELAGIC FISHERIES, PERMITS, PHYSIOLOGY, POLLUTION, PRIVATE SECTOR, QUALITY CONTROL, R&D, RESEARCH PROJECTS, RESPONSIBLE AQUACULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SALMON FARMERS, SALMON FARMING, SALMON FARMS, SALMON INDUSTRY, SALMON PRODUCERS, SALMON PRODUCTION, SEA, SEA LICE, SEA LICE INFESTATION, SEAFOOD, SEAFOOD INDUSTRY, SEAFOOD PROCESSING, SEAFOOD PROCESSING PLANT, SEAWATER, SHELLFISH, SHRIMP, SHRIMP FARMING, SHRIMPS, SOCIAL ISSUES, STEELHEAD TROUT, STOCK ASSESSMENT, TILAPIA, TOURISM, TROUT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNIVERSITIES, VETERINARY SERVICES, WASTE, WATER QUALITY, WATER SUPPLY, WORKERS, WORLD FISH