Mexico : Water Public Expenditure Review

World Bank

Mexico : Water Public Expenditure Review

Autores

World Bank

Editor

Washington, DC

Descripción

Mexico has critical and urgent water related problems including the overexploitation and contamination of surface water and groundwater resources in the regions where most of the people reside and where the great majority of the Gross Domestic Product, or GDP is generated. Groundwater overexploitation is perhaps the most serious water resources management issue. About 100 aquifers in the central and northern part of the country are being overexploited, with water tables dropping 1 to 4 meters per year. In some areas, essentially all sectors depend on groundwater, and the unsustainable water use regimen will constrain economic development and have serious social impacts. The poor often suffer the most, because they are less able to deal with the added costs associated with falling water tables and water pollution. Water issues are both very complex and very important in Mexico, because they sit at the conjunction of economic development, public finance, infrastructure investment, environmental sustainability, and social justice. They are linked to public finance in three ways, raising resources, providing resources for investment and operations, and setting fees that affect the incentives for using water. The decisions about water investment have a lasting physical impact on what happens with water, as well as major social impacts. The scarcity of water in many parts of the country means that sometimes more water for one sector results in less water (and a different development path) in another sector and for the environment. The national patrimony relating to the ecosystem and groundwater often ends up last in line, as everyone generally agrees on their importance but objects to having his allocation of water or fiscal subsidy be reduced or to paying for wastewater treatment. Finally, making water and water services available equitably to households is a key element in the social justice to which Mexicans aspire. The report aims to integrate the views of the water sector through these different lenses, and to suggest how to improve the management of the sector and thus to make decisions more coherent.

Palabras clave

ADEQUATE WATER, ADEQUATE WATER RESOURCES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE WATER, ALLOCATION OF WATER, AQUIFER, AQUIFERS, AVAILABILITY OF WATER, AVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, BENEFITS OF GROUNDWATER USE, BULK WATER, BULK WATER SUPPLY, CANALS, CHANNEL, COASTAL AREAS, COLLECTION EFFICIENCY, COLLECTION OF WATER, COLLECTION SYSTEM, CONSTRUCTION, CONSUMPTIVE USES, COST OF WATER, COST RECOVERY, COST SHARING, COVERING, CROP PRODUCTION, CULTIVATED AREA, DAMS, DEMAND FOR WATER, DISCHARGE, DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, DOMESTIC USE, DRAINAGE, DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, DRINKING WATER, DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES, DRINKING WATER SUPPLY, DROUGHT, ECOSYSTEM, EFFICIENT WATER USE, EFFLUENT, EFFLUENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL NEEDS, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, FARMERS, FLOOD CONTROL, FLOODING, FRESH WATER, FRESHWATER, FRESHWATER RESOURCES, GRAZING, GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER ABSTRACTION, GROUNDWATER DEVELOPMENT, GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT, GROUNDWATER PUMPING, GROUNDWATER RECHARGE, GROUNDWATER RESOURCES, GROUNDWATER SOURCES, HIGH LEVELS, HIGH WATER, HOUSEHOLDS, INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS, INDUSTRIAL USE, INDUSTRIAL USERS, INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT, INTERNATIONAL WATER, INVESTMENT COSTS, INVESTMENT SUBSIDIES, IRRIGATION DISTRICT, IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, IRRIGATION WATER, LAKES, LARGE CITIES, LEAKAGE, LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS, LOCAL WATER, LOCALITIES, LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS, MANAGEMENT OF WATER, MANGANESE, MEASUREMENTS, MINERALS, MUNICIPAL DEPARTMENT, MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS, MUNICIPAL SERVICE PROVIDERS, MUNICIPAL USE, MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER, MUNICIPAL WATER, MUNICIPAL WATER COMPANIES, MUNICIPAL WATER SYSTEMS, MUNICIPALITIES, NATIONAL WATER PLAN, NATURAL RECHARGE, NATURAL RESOURCES, OVERSIGHT ROLE, PERFORMANCE OF SERVICE PROVIDERS, POPULATION GROWTH, PRESSURE, PRICE DISTORTIONS, PRICE OF WATER, PROGRAMS, PROVISION OF WATER, PROVISION OF WATER SUPPLY, PUBLIC WATER, PUBLIC WATER RIGHTS REGISTRY, PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY, PUBLIC WORKS, PUMPS, QUALITY OF SERVICE, QUALITY OF SERVICE DELIVERY, QUALITY OF WATER, QUALITY WATER, RAINFALL, REMOTE SENSING, RESERVOIRS, RIVER BASIN, RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT, RIVER BASINS, RIVERS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, SALT WATER, SANITATION, SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE, SANITATION SERVICE, SANITATION SERVICES, SCARCE WATER, SCARCE WATER RESOURCES, SCARCITY OF WATER, SECURE WATER SUPPLY, SEEPAGE, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVISION, SEWAGE INFRASTRUCTURE, SOLID WASTE, SPRINGS, SUBSIDENCE, SURFACE RUNOFF, SURFACE WATER, SURFACE WATER IRRIGATION, SURFACE WATER QUALITY, SURFACE WATERS, SUSTAINABLE WATER, TARIFF RATES, TOWNS, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, URBAN WATER, URBAN WATER SUPPLY, URBAN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS, USE OF WATER, UTILITIES, VALUABLE INFORMATION, WASTEWATER COLLECTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WATER AGENCIES, WATER ALLOCATION, WATER ALLOCATIONS, WATER AUTHORITY, WATER AVAILABILITY, WATER BODIES, WATER BUDGETS, WATER CHARGES, WATER COMMISSIONS, WATER CONSERVATION, WATER CONSUMPTION, WATER CONTAMINATION, WATER DEMAND, WATER DEVELOPMENT, WATER DISTRIBUTION, WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, WATER EXTRACTION, WATER FEES, WATER IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, WATER LAW, WATER MANAGEMENT, WATER MARKETS, WATER NEEDS, WATER POLICY, WATER POLLUTION, WATER PRICING, WATER QUALITY INDEX, WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS, WATER QUANTITY, WATER RESOURCE, WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCES, WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT, WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCES PLANNING, WATER RIGHTS, WATER SCARCITY, WATER SCARCITY PROBLEMS, WATER SECTOR, WATER SECTOR REFORM, WATER SERVICE, WATER SERVICE DELIVERY, WATER SERVICES, WATER SHORTAGES, WATER SOURCE, WATER STORAGE, WATER STRATEGY, WATER SUPPLIES, WATER SUPPLY, WATER SYSTEM, WATER SYSTEMS, WATER TABLES, WATER TARIFF, WATER TARIFFS, WATER USAGE, WATER USE, WATER USER, WATER USERS, WATER USES, WATER UTILITIES, WATER WITHDRAWALS, WELL DRILLING, WELLS, WETLANDS