Political Economy of Agricultural Distortions in Transition Countries of Asia and Europe
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper analyzes the political and
institutional factors which are behind the dramatic changes
in distortions to agricultural incentives in the transition
countries in East Asia, Central Asia, and the rest of the
former Soviet Union, and in Central and Eastern Europe. The
paper explains why these changes have occurred and why there
are large differences among transition countries in the
extent and the nature of the remaining distortions.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, AGRICULTURAL MARKETING, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE, ARBITRAGE, BANKRUPTCIES, BUDGET CONSTRAINTS, BUREAUCRACY, COMMODITIES, COMMODITY, COMMUNISM, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVE MARKETS, CROPS, DEMOCRACY, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DIRECT PAYMENTS, ECONOMIC CRISES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC REFORM, ECONOMIC REFORMS, ECONOMIC SYSTEM, ECONOMICS, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATES, EXPORT SECTORS, EXPORTS, FARMERS, FARMS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PROCESSING, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD PRODUCTS, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FREE TRADE, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION, GOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONS, GOVERNMENT REGULATION, GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES, HIGH WAGES, IDEOLOGY, INCOMES, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS, INTEGRATION, LABORERS, LAND REFORM, LEGITIMACY, LIVESTOCK, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS, MARKET ECONOMIES, MARKET ECONOMY, MARKET LIBERALIZATION, MARKETING, MOTIVATION, NATIONAL ECONOMY, OUTPUT, OVEREMPLOYMENT, PER CAPITA INCOME, PLANNED ECONOMY, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT, POLITICAL REGIMES, POLITICAL SYSTEM, PRICE DISTORTIONS, PRIVATE INVESTMENTS, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROTECTIONISM, RAPID GROWTH, REFORM PROGRAM, REFORM PROGRAMS, REGIME CHANGE, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REGIONAL TRADE, RENT SEEKING, RENTS, REPUBLIC, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, SOCIALISM, SOFT BUDGET CONSTRAINTS, SUPPLIERS, TAX, TAXATION, TEXTILES, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRADING SYSTEM, TRANSITION COUNTRIES, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, WAGES, WORLD ECONOMY, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO