Public Disclosure of Environmental Violations in the Republic of Korea
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Since 1989, environmental authorities of
the Republic of Korea have published on a monthly basis a
list of enterprises violating the country's
environmental rules and regulations. This may be the longest
environmental public disclosure program currently in
existence. Over the period 1993-2001 in excess of 7,000
violations have been recorded in these monthly violation
lists, involving more than 3,400 different companies. In
this paper, the authors provide a comprehensive descriptive
analysis of this dataset. Results suggest that the news
media have given an important, though perhaps declining
coverage, to the violation lists, with a focus on publicly
traded companies, failures to operate pollution abatement
equipment, and prosecutions.
Palabras clave
PUBLIC DISCLOSURE, ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS & PROTOCOLS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL LAW & LEGISLATION, LAW ENFORCEMENT, VIOLATIONS, PUBLIC AWARENESS, POLLUTION CONTROL REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY ABATEMENT, AIR, AIR POLLUTION, AUTHORITY, CAPITAL MARKETS, CITIZENS, COAL, CONSTITUTION, CONSTRUCTION, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, CORRUPTION, COST FUNCTIONS, DISCLOSURE, DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION, DISCRIMINATION, ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC POLICIES, EMISSION STANDARDS, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS STANDARDS, EMPLOYMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FISHING, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FORESTRY, GAS, GOVERNMENT ACTION, HEALTH CARE, HOUSING, HUMAN RESOURCES, INCOME, INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES, INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS, LAWS, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, MEDIA, MIGRATION, POLICY RESEARCH, POLLUTERS, POLLUTION, POLLUTION ABATEMENT, POLLUTION CONTROL, POTABLE WATER, PUBLIC AFFAIRS, QUALITY OF LIFE, QUALITY STANDARDS, SAFETY, SOCIAL SAFETY, SOCIAL SAFETY NET, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL WORK, SPILLOVERS, TREATIES, WASTE, WASTEWATER, WATER POLLUTION, WATER QUALITY, WATER SUPPLY, POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, ABATEMENT