Feminization of Agriculture in the Context of Rural Transformations
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Male outmigration, the globalization of
agri-food systems, conflict, and pandemic human disease have
all been linked to changes in rural economies, changes in
women’s roles in the agricultural sector, and consequently
to assertions that agriculture is “feminizing.” This review
assesses the global evidence surrounding the feminization of
agriculture. First, it proposes a number of indicators to
track the feminization of agriculture, noting that although
limited data exist for some of the indicators, efforts
should be expanded to collect data for all of them to
provide better diagnostics of women’s work in agriculture
and their welfare. Next, it critically examines the factors
that may lead to the feminization of agriculture and
evaluates the empirical evidence on each factor worldwide.
The review concludes by identifying policy imperatives based
on the evidence on women’s roles in agriculture in the
context of rural transformation
Palabras clave
migration, rural smallholders, gender, agriculture, rural transformation, labor force, food production, employment