Bank Financing of SMEs in Five Sub-Saharan African Countries : The Role of Competition, Innovation, and the Government
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper provides an overview of the
state of access to bank financing for SMEs in five
Sub-Saharan African countries and analyzes the drivers
behind banks' involvement with SMEs. The paper builds
on data collected through five in-depth studies in Kenya,
Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, and Tanzania between 2010 and
2012. The paper shows that the share of SME lending in the
overall loan portfolios of banks varies between 5 and 20
percent. Reasons for this finding vary, but key contributing
factors are the structure and size of the economy and the
extent of Government borrowing, the degree of innovation
mainly as introduced by foreign entrants to financial
sectors, and the state of the financial sector
infrastructure and enabling environment.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO BANK, ACCESS TO FINANCE, ACCOUNT MANAGEMENT, AGRICULTURAL LOANS, AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT, BALANCE SHEETS, BANK ASSET, BANK ASSETS, BANK FINANCING, BANK LENDING, BANK LOANS, BANK OF TANZANIA, BANK OFFICIALS, BANK POLICY, BANKING SECTOR, BANKING SECTOR ASSETS, BANKING SYSTEMS, BANKS, BIG BANKS, BORROWING, BUSINESS PLANS, CAPITAL LOANS, CENTRAL BANK, COLLATERAL, COLLATERAL REGISTRIES, COLLATERAL REGISTRY, COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS, COLLATERALIZATION, COMMERCIAL BANK, COMMERCIAL BANKS, CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT, COOPERATIVES, CORPORATE BOND, CREDIT BUREAU, CREDIT BUREAUS, CREDIT CONSTRAINTS, CREDIT DEPOSIT, CREDIT GUARANTEE, CREDIT GUARANTEES, CREDIT INFORMATION, CREDIT LINE, CREDIT LINES, CREDIT MARKETS, CREDIT RECORDS, CREDIT REGISTRIES, CREDIT REPORTING, CREDIT REPORTING SYSTEMS, CREDIT RISK, CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT, CREDITOR, CREDITOR RIGHTS, CREDITORS, CROWDING OUT, DEBT, DEBT MARKETS, DEPOSIT, DEPOSITS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DEVELOPMENT BANK, DEVELOPMENT BANKS, DEVELOPMENT FINANCE, DEVELOPMENT FINANCE INSTITUTION, DISPUTE RESOLUTION, DIVERSIFICATION, DOMESTIC BANKS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMICS, EMPLOYMENT, ENABLING ENVIRONMENT, ENFORCEMENT OF CONTRACTS, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, EQUITY FUNDS, EXCHANGE RATE, EXTERNAL FINANCE, EXTERNAL FINANCING, FACTORING, FINANCIAL CONTRACTS, FINANCIAL DEEPENING, FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES, FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FINANCIAL STABILITY, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, FINANCIAL SYSTEMS, FINANCING OBSTACLES, FOREIGN BANKS, FORM OF CREDIT, GOVERNMENT BORROWING, GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, GOVERNMENT POLICY, GOVERNMENT SECURITIES, GOVERNMENT SUPPORT, GROUP LOANS, GUARANTEE FEE, GUARANTEE FUND, GUARANTEE FUNDS, GUARANTEE PRODUCT, GUARANTEE PRODUCTS, GUARANTEE SCHEME, GUARANTEE SCHEMES, HIGH INTEREST RATES, HOLDING, ID, IDS, IMMOVABLE ASSETS, INFLATION, INFLATION RATES, INFORMAL FINANCE, INFORMATION SHARING, INTEREST RATE, INTEREST RATES ON GOVERNMENT SECURITIES, INTERNATIONAL BANK, JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT, JUDICIAL SYSTEM, LAWS, LEGAL CONSTRAINTS, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, LEGISLATION, LENDING INTEREST RATE, LENDING TECHNIQUES, LEVEL PLAYING FIELD, LINES OF CREDIT, LOAN, LOAN GUARANTEE, LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM, LOAN PORTFOLIOS, LOAN PRODUCTS, LOAN RECOVERY, LOAN TERM, LOCAL CURRENCY, MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MANDATES, MARKET PARTICIPANTS, MARKET PLAYERS, MARKET SIZE, MATURITY, MATURITY MISMATCHES, MICROFINANCE, MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS, MICROFINANCE SECTOR, MOVABLE COLLATERAL, NEW MARKET, OIL, OPAQUE SMALL BUSINESSES, OUTREACH, PARTIAL CREDIT, PAYMENT HISTORIES, PORTFOLIO, PRIME RATE, PRIVATE CREDIT, PRIVATE CREDIT BUREAU, PRIVATE ENTERPRISES, PRIVATE EQUITY, PRIVATE SECTOR COMMERCIAL BANKS, PROFITABILITY, PROFITABLE BUSINESS, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, REGULATORY STRUCTURES, RELATIONSHIP LENDING, RESERVE, RESERVE BANK, RETAIL BANKING, RETURNS, RISK MANAGEMENT, SECURITIES, SECURITIES MARKETS, SECURITIZATION, SMALL BUSINESS, SMALL BUSINESS FINANCE, SMALL BUSINESS LENDING, SMALL ENTERPRISE, SMALL ENTERPRISE FINANCE, SMALL ENTERPRISES, SMALL FIRM FINANCE, START-UPS, T-BILL, T-BILL RATE, TAX, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TRANSITION COUNTRIES, TREASURY, TREASURY BILL, TREASURY BILL RATES, UNION, WORKING CAPITAL