The Tobacco Epidemic in Southeast Europe : Consequences and Policy Responses
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Smoking is the single largest cause of
premature mortality in the developed world. Obtaining
accurate estimates of smoking's impacts in south east
Europe (SEE) is hindered by the lack of accurate data.. None
of the countries of the region yet conduct regular national
surveys of adult smoking prevalence and some have no recent
nationally representative data available. The very high
rates among medical personnel are cause for concern. Youth
smoking surveys are now conducted in most countries as part
of international projects and show rates broadly similar to
the EU. The collapse of communism and the end of the
conflicts in the 1990s has led to major changes in the
region's tobacco industry. The previously state-owned
tobacco monopolies have either undergone or are undergoing
privatization and the transnational tobacco companies have
been increasingly active both in importing their cigarettes
to, and investing in, the region. These changes can be
expected to increase competition in the tobacco industry
which will in turn drive down prices and increase
advertising, thereby stimulating consumption. The available
statistics, combined with the changes to the region's
tobacco industry, suggest that the health impacts of tobacco
in SEE will continue to worsen over coming years.
Palabras clave
AGED, ALCOHOL, BURDEN OF DISEASE, CANCER, CESSATION, CHRONIC DISEASE, CLINICS, COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, CORRUPTION, CPS, DALY, DISABILITY ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS, DRUGS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE, EPIDEMIOLOGY, FAS, HEALTH, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH FOR ALL, HEALTH IMPACTS, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH PROGRAMS, HEALTH SECTOR, HOSPITALS, HUMAN HEALTH, HYGIENE, IMPACT ASSESSMENTS, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, INTERVENTION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LUNG CANCER, MARKETING, MASS MEDIA, MENTAL HEALTH, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, MORTALITY RATES, NUTRITION, ORGANIZED CRIME, PARTNERSHIP, PASSIVE SMOKING, POPULATION HEALTH, PREMATURE DEATH, PRICE OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, PROFESSIONS, PUBLIC HEALTH, RADIO, SMOKERS, SMOKING, SMOKING, SMOKING CESSATION, SMOKING PREVALENCE, TOBACCO, TOBACCO, TOBACCO, TOBACCO ADVERTISING, TOBACCO COMPANIES, TOBACCO CONSUMPTION, TOBACCO CONTROL, TOBACCO EPIDEMIC, TOBACCO INDUSTRY, TOBACCO TAXES, TOBACCO USE, UNEMPLOYMENT, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUTH TOBACCO CONSUMPTION, TOBACCO USE, TOBACCO CONTROL, TOBACCO RESEARCH, SMOKING PREVALENCE, TOBACCO INDUSTRY