Brucella melitensis in Eurasia and the Middle East
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<em>Brucella melitensis</em> infection is recognized as a significant public health challenge, with a major economic and financial burden in countries where the disease remains endemic. In Eurasia and the Middle East <em>Brucella melitensis</em> infections in sheep and goats are still widespread, resulting in significant human illness, primarily from consumption of contaminated dairy products or from occupational exposure to infected livestock. In small ruminants (sheep and goats), abortion, re duced fertility, reduced milk production and lowered newborn viability are the major impacts. There are very significant benefits to human health and poverty alleviation from controlling and eradicating <em>B. melitensis</em> infections in animals and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has been responsible for advancing practical knowledge and experience on brucellosis in various countries and assisting in the development of sound strategies and policies for sustainable control programmes. As part of these efforts a technical meeting of brucellosis experts was convened in Rome from 11 to 14 May 2009 by the FAO in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), in order to develop further guidance to support and improve surveillance and control of <em>Brucella melitensis</em> infection in affected countries. This document provides an account on the objectives, discussions and o utcomes of the meeting and provides an up to date account of the available options for the prevention and control of <em>B. melitensis</em> as well as the identified gaps that still need to be addressed.