Health Reform, Population Policy and Child Nutritional Status in China
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper examines the determinants of
child nutritional status in seven provinces of China during
the 1990s, focusing specifically on the role of two areas of
public policy, namely health system reforms and the one
child policy. The empirical relationship between income and
nutritional status, and the extent to which that
relationship is mediated by access to quality healthcare and
being an only-child, is investigated using ordinary least
squares, random effects, fixed effects, and instrumental
variables models. In the preferred model - a fixed effects
model where income is instrumented - the author find that
being an only-child increases height-for-age z-scores by
0.119 of a standard deviation. The magnitude of this effect
is found to be largely gender and income neutral. By
contrast, access to quality healthcare and income is not
found to be significantly associated with improved
nutritional status in the preferred model. Data are drawn
from four waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, ACCESSIBILITY, ANTENATAL CARE, BICYCLES, BIRTH CONTROL, BREASTFEEDING, BULLETIN, CHILD CARE, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD NUTRITION, CHILD SURVIVAL, CHINESE POPULATION, CITIES, COMMON COLD, COMMUNITY HEALTH, COMPETENCIES, CONTRACEPTION, COST OF TRAVEL, CULTURAL CHANGE, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISEASE CONTROL, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATED MOTHERS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EFFECTIVE ACTION, EMPLOYMENT, EPIDEMIOLOGY, EXPENDITURES, FAMILY-PLANNING METHODS, FARMLAND, FERTILITY, FEWER CHILDREN, FINANCIAL PENALTIES, FOOD POLICY, FOOD PRICES, FORMAL EDUCATION, GENDER DIFFERENTIALS, GENDER DISPARITIES, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, HEALTH ECONOMICS, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH REFORM, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SECTOR REFORM, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SPECIALIST, HEALTH STATUS, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH SYSTEM FINANCING, HEALTH SYSTEM REFORM, HEALTH-CARE SYSTEM, HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, ILLNESS, IMMUNIZATION, IMMUNIZATIONS, INCOME GROWTH, INFANTS, INFLUENZA, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, LABOR SUPPLY, LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP, MALNUTRITION, MALNUTRITION AMONG CHILDREN, MATERNAL CARE, MEDICINES, MOTHER, NATIONAL LEVEL, NEIGHBORHOODS, NUMBER OF ADULTS, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUTRITION, NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, OBSTETRIC CARE, PEDIATRICS, POLICY CHANGE, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POOR, POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION POLICY, POSTNATAL CARE, PREGNANCIES, PREGNANT WOMEN, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES, PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS, PUBLIC POLICY, PUNITIVE MEASURES, QUALITY CARE, QUALITY OF CARE, QUALITY OF HEALTH, QUALITY OF SERVICES, RESPECT, RURAL, SAVINGS, SERVICE PROVISION, SEX, SIBLINGS, SOCIAL SCIENCE, SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE, TRAVEL COSTS, TRAVEL TIME, TRAVEL TIMES, TRUE, URBAN AREAS, URBAN POPULATION, USER FEES, WALKING, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, YOUNG CHILDREN