Turkey Green Growth Policy Paper : Towards a Greener Economy
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Washington, DC
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The report is organized in seven
chapters. Following the introductory chapter, chapter two
sets the stage by reviewing the structure of Turkey's
economy and its performance, as well as the challenges and
opportunities provided by Turkey's current growth path
from implementing a 'green agenda' linked to
achieving standards set by European Union (EU) Directives
and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD) principles; this is followed by a review of where
Turkey stands compared to developed and emerging economies,
in terms of what is broadly understood as a comprehensive
approach to green growth. Chapter three uses a narrower,
more operational, definition of green growth for the
purposes of the analysis undertaken in the policy note.
Chapter four presents an assessment of the seven strategic
sectors selected for a more focused analysis. It also
highlights the greening potential within these sectors.
Chapter five reviews the range of policy instruments
available in the European Union (EU) and other emerging
international experiences, as well as the relevance of these
policy options to the objectives of the policy note. Chapter
six presents the economy-wide framework and the results of
the pilot economic 'impact analysis' of two types
of greening scenarios: an urban scenario (linked to
production and consumption by firms and households) and a
rural scenario focused on agriculture. Finally, chapter
seven concludes with an initial set of recommendations.
Palabras clave
ABATEMENT, ABATEMENT COSTS, ABSORPTION, ACID, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AIR, AIR POLLUTION, AIR QUALITY, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, ALTERNATIVE FUELS, ANNUAL GROWTH RATE, APPROACH, AUDITS, AVAILABILITY, BALANCE, BASIC METALS, BLAST FURNACES, BOILERS, CADMIUM, CANCER, CARBON, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON EMISSION, CARBON EMISSIONS, CEMENT, CEMENT INDUSTRY, CHEMICALS, CHROMIUM, CLEAN AIR, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, CO, CO2, COAL, COLORS, COMBUSTION, CONCENTRATES, CONVERGENCE, COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS, DEBT, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DIESEL, DIFFUSION, DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACTS, DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS, DIVIDENDS, DUST, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMISTS, ECONOMY-WIDE IMPACTS, ECOSYSTEM, EFFICIENCY GAINS, EFFLUENTS, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, EMISSION, EMISSION CONTROL, EMISSION FACTORS, EMISSION INTENSITY, EMISSION LEVEL, EMISSION REDUCTION, EMISSION REDUCTIONS, EMISSION STANDARDS, EMISSION TECHNOLOGIES, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS FROM FUEL, EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION, EMISSIONS GROWTH, EMISSIONS INTENSITY, EMISSIONS STANDARDS, EMISSIONS TARGETS, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTS, ENERGY INTENSITY, ENERGY POLICIES, ENERGY SECURITY, ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY USE, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION, ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL RISK, ENVIRONMENTAL TAX, ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES, EQUILIBRIUM, EXPENDITURES, FEASIBILITY, FISCAL POLICIES, FISH, FISHERIES, FOREST, FOREST AREA, FOREST LOSS, FORESTS, FOSSIL FUEL, FOSSIL FUELS, FUEL SUBSTITUTION, GASEOUS EMISSIONS, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL, GHG, GLOBAL EMISSIONS, GLOBAL RECESSION, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, HAZARDOUS WASTE, HEAVY METALS, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HYDROELECTRIC POWER, HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS, IMPACT ANALYSIS, IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, IMPORTS, IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY, INCINERATION, INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION, INSURANCE, INSURANCE POLICY, INTERMEDIATE GOODS, IRON, JOBS, KILOWATT HOUR, LABOR COSTS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LAND RESOURCES, LEVELS OF EMISSIONS, MARGINAL COST, MARGINAL COSTS, MARKET ECONOMIES, MARKET ECONOMY, MARKET FACTORS, MARKET FAILURES, MERCURY, NATIONAL INCOME, NATURAL CAPITAL, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL RESOURCE BASE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, NOX, OIL, OILS, OXYGEN, PARTICULATE, PARTICULATE MATTER, PASTURE LAND, PASTURES, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, PER CAPITA INCOME, PERFORMANCE STANDARDS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PH, PLASTICS, PM10, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, POLICY SCENARIOS, POLLUTION, POLLUTION ABATEMENT, POLLUTION PREVENTION, POLLUTION REDUCTION, POLLUTION TAX, POPULATION GROWTH, POWER PLANTS, PRICE VOLATILITY, PRIVATE CONSUMPTION, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION PLANNING, PRODUCTION PROCESSES, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PURCHASING POWER, QUALITY STANDARDS, RADIATION, RECYCLING, REGULATORY POLICIES, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RESOURCE USE, RISK MANAGEMENT, SCENARIOS, SECONDARY MARKETS, SOCIAL COSTS, SUBSTITUTION, SULFUR, SULFUR DIOXIDE, SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS, SULPHUR, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABLE USE, TAX REVENUES, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, TIMBER, TOTAL COST, TOTAL EMISSIONS, TOXICS, TRADEOFFS, UNEMPLOYMENT, VOC, VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, WAGES, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WATER POLLUTION, WATER PRICING, WATER TREATMENT, WELFARE EFFECTS, WELFARE GAINS, WOOD FUEL, WORST-CASE