Gender and socially inclusive WASH in Nepal: moving beyond “technical fixes”

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dc.creatorKhadka, Manohara
dc.creatorJoshi, Deepa
dc.creatorUprety, Labisha
dc.creatorShrestha, Gitta
dc.date2023-09-25
dc.date2023-09-30T15:59:00Z
dc.date2023-09-30T15:59:00Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T18:32:49Z
dc.descriptionThe enactment of a new Constitution in 2015 in Nepal marked a shift to a representative system of federal governance. Earlier in 2002, the country’s Tenth Five Year Plan had committed to a core focus on gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) in national policies and governance. How do these two strategic shifts in policy align in the case of WASH projects in rural Nepal? Applying a feminist political lens, we review the implementation of WASH initiatives in two rural districts to show that deep-rooted intersectional complexities of caste, class, and gender prevent inclusive WASH outcomes. Our findings show that the policy framing for gender equitable and socially inclusive outcomes have not impacted the WASH sector, where interventions continue as essentially technical interventions. While there has been significant increase in the number of women representatives in local governance structures since 2017, systemic, informal power relationship by caste, ethnicity and gender entrenched across institutional structures and cultures persist and continue to shape unequal gender-power dynamics. This is yet another example that shows that transformative change requires more than just affirmative policies.
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/132075
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/159029
dc.languageen
dc.publisherFrontiers Media
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceKhadka, Manohara; Joshi, Deepa; Uprety, Labisha; Shrestha, Gitta. 2023. Gender and socially inclusive WASH in Nepal: moving beyond “technical fixes”. Frontiers in Human Dynamics, 5:1181734. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2023.1181734]
dc.subjectwater, sanitation and hygiene
dc.subjectgender equality
dc.subjectsocial inclusion
dc.subjectwomen
dc.subjectcaste systems
dc.subjectethnicity
dc.subjectpolitical aspects
dc.subjectfederalism
dc.subjectinstitutions
dc.subjectlocal government
dc.subjectpolicies
dc.subjectgovernance
dc.subjectdecision making
dc.subjectrural areas
dc.titleGender and socially inclusive WASH in Nepal: moving beyond “technical fixes”
dc.typeJournal Article

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Instituto Internacional para el Manejo del Agua (IWMI)