Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) regional awareness
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This issue of Focus On, the latest addition to FAO’s Emergency Prevention System (EMPRES) publications, looks into porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which was first recognized in the United States in 1987 although its description had appeared in some countries years earlier, is now found in almost all swine producing countries. A number of PRRS outbreaks have occurred recently in South Africa, Russia, China and Viet Nam. The disease, which represents a worldwide threat, is ch aracterized by reproductive failure of sows and respiratory distress of piglets and fattening pigs which, combined with a potential for rapid spread, can cause significant production and economic losses. Two major antigenic types of the virus exist, the European and the American type. Some of the reports from Asia, where the PRRS virus has been isolated, describe a disease of swine with high mortality in different age groups. The key elements for prevention, control and eradication of PRRS are e arly detection and rapid laboratory confirmation, quick identification of infected farms, and rapid response through a variety of stamping out strategies and the use of vaccines with proven efficacy. This "Focus on PRRS" recommends that veterinary services reinforce their capacity in PRRS surveillance and diagnosis by training veterinarians in disease recognition, and by initiating or reviewing contingency plans in the event of disease introduction. It is also important to update risk ass essments for PRRS and other transboundary swine diseases, giving adequate attention to the trade in live pigs for breeding, pork products and routes of infection such as semen or swill feeding with contaminated products from affected areas.