Investing in Turkey's Next Generation : The School-to-Work Transition and Turkey's Development
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Washington, DC
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This report assesses the prospects for
Turkey's youth by examining the 'school-to-work
transition'. Turkey needs to invest in its young people
to capture the potentially substantial dividend of
today's large youth cohort. Because of the sheer number
of young people, Turkey's working-age population will
expand by over 800,000 every year during the next decade.
This so-called 'productive population' will
continue to grow until around 2020 when the demographic
window starts to close. By that time, Turkey will have the
population profile of an aging society. East Asia's
economic miracle of the 1970s and 1980s demonstrated that a
large youth cohort can propel an economy to very high growth
rates. However, the experience in other regions, such as
Latin America, has shown that this outcome is by no means
guaranteed. Investments made now in today's children
and youth will be critical in determining the extent to
which Turkey benefits from this 'demographic
dividend' While the potential benefits are great, so
are the risks if today's large youth cohort does not
find its place in tomorrow's labor market and society.
The potential downside of this demographic profile is also
significant. If Turkey's young people are not well
prepared for the world of work and if the labor market does
not generate more and better jobs for them, then this large
youth cohort will be the source of social and economic
pressures and tensions. Indeed, managing the transition into
adulthood will be a very important factor in determining how
well Turkey achieves the goals of stability, equity, and
competitiveness that are at the heart of the Ninth
Development Plan. In many respects, Turkey has taken
important steps to prepare for this future. Today's
young people are more educated and healthier than previous
ones, which is a strong base to build on. Educational
achievements have been notable, especially in basic
education. Enrollments are up at all levels. Some important
steps have been taken to modernize the labor market and to
establish the foundations for employment institutions and
policies suitable for an open, private-sector led economy.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ACCOUNTING, ACTIVE LABOR, ACTIVE LABOR MARKET, ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS, ADULT EDUCATION, ADULT MALES, AGE GROUP, AGE GROUPS, AGGREGATE EMPLOYMENT, ANNUAL POPULATION GROWTH RATE, CALCULATIONS, CAREER COUNSELING, CAREER DEVELOPMENT, CENSUSES, COMMODITY, COMMUNITY COLLEGES, CONSULTATION PROCESS, CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA, CULTURAL VALUES, CURRENCY, CURRICULA, DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, EARNING, EARNINGS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYABILITY, EMPLOYABLE SKILLS, EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTION, EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONS, EMPLOYER PENSION, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES, EMPLOYMENT CREATION, EMPLOYMENT GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT ORGANIZATION, EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES, EMPLOYMENT PERFORMANCE, EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS, EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS, EMPLOYMENT RATES, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, ENTRY POINT, EXCHANGE RATE, FAMILY INCOME, FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FEMALE WORKERS, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATES, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FORMAL EDUCATION, FORMAL LABOR MARKET, FUTURE GROWTH, GENERAL PUBLIC, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES, HOUSEWIFE, HOUSEWIVES, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, ILLITERACY, INCOME, INCOME LEVEL, INCOME SUPPORT, INCOME TAXES, INFORMAL SECTOR, INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS, INFORMED DECISIONS, INVESTING, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, INVESTMENT CLIMATE ASSESSMENT, JOB CREATION, JOB FAIRS, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, JOB SEARCH, JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE, JOB SECURITY, JOB VACANCY, JOB-SEEKERS, JOBS, LABOR CODE, LABOR COST, LABOR COSTS, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET ASSESSMENTS, LABOR MARKET INDICATORS, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE, LABOR MARKET POLICY, LABOR MARKET REFORM, LABOR MARKET REFORMS, LABOR MARKET SITUATION, LABOR SUPPLY, LABOUR, LABOUR FORCE, LACK OF INFORMATION, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LITERACY, LOCAL COMMUNITY, LOCAL LABOR MARKET, LOW COSTS, LOW EARNINGS, LOW EMPLOYMENT, LOW-INCOME, LOW-INCOME FAMILIES, LOWER-INCOME FAMILIES, MATH, MINIMUM WAGE, MORTALITY, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, OCCUPATIONS, OLDER WORKERS, ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT, PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POPULATION DYNAMICS, POPULATION PROJECTIONS, POVERTY REDUCTION, PREVIOUS ONES, PREVIOUS SECTION, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT, PRIVATE PROVIDERS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE TRAINING, PRIVATE TRAINING INSTITUTIONS, PROBABILITY, PROTECTING WORKERS, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, QUESTIONNAIRE, RATES OF RETURN, REGULAR WORKERS, RESPECT, RESPONSIBILITIES, RURAL AREAS, RURAL WOMEN, SCHOOL-AGE POPULATION, SECOND JOB, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SERVICE SECTOR, SEVERANCE PAYMENTS, SKILL GROUPS, SKILLED WORKERS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL INSURANCE, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS, STAKEHOLDER, STAKEHOLDERS, STATE PLANNING, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, TEENS, TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT, TRADE UNIONS, TRAINING COURSES, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TRAINING SYSTEM, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS, UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE, UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE BENEFITS, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNIVERSAL BASIC EDUCATION, URBAN AREAS, URBAN POPULATION, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, VOCATIONAL QUALIFICATION, VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, WAGE DISTRIBUTION, WAGE GAP, WAGE PREMIUM, WAGE PREMIUMS, WAGE SECTOR, WAGE SUBSIDIES, WAGES, WITHDRAWAL, WORKERS, WORKFORCE, WORKING AGE, WORKING-AGE POPULATION, WORLD POPULATION, YOUNG ADULTS, YOUNG MEN, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUNG WOMEN, YOUNG WORKERS, YOUTH EMPLOYMENT, YOUTH LABOR, YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS, YOUTH PARTICIPATION