Costs of Adapting to Climate Change for Human Health in Developing Countries
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper is one component of a global
study on the Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change
(EACC) in developing countries; the focus in this paper is
human health. The main human health impacts of climate
change are increased incidence of vector-borne disease
(malaria), water-borne disease (diarrhea), cardio
respiratory diseases, heat- and cold-related deaths,
injuries and deaths from extreme weather events (flooding),
and a greater prevalence of malnutrition. Adaptation
measures comprise all actions taken to reduce, prevent, or
treat these additional cases of disease or death, including
actions outside the health sector such as disaster reduction
programs, food and water security measures, and the
provision of infrastructure services. For tractability and
to reduce duplication with other components of the EACC
study, the scope of this paper is limited to conventional
public health adaptation activities, with a focus on malaria
and diarrhea. This study also incorporates updates and
revisions to the unit cost of prevention and treatment for
malaria and diarrhea and updates to the exposure-response
functions used to compute the relative risk for malaria.
Palabras clave
AGE GROUPS, AGRICULTURAL ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, BACK MALARIA, BASIC HEALTH, BREAST FEEDING, BREASTFEEDING, BULLETIN, BURDEN OF DISEASE, BURDEN OF MALARIA, CASES OF DIARRHEA, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD MORTALITY, CHOLERA, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION, CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS, CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE, CLIMATE DATA, CLIMATE MODELS, CLIMATE OUTCOMES, CLIMATE PROJECTIONS, CLIMATE RESEARCH, CLIMATE RESEARCH UNIT, CLIMATE RISK, CLIMATE SCENARIO, CLIMATE SCENARIOS, CLIMATE SCIENCE, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, CLIMATE VARIATION, CLIMATE-CHANGE, CLIMATE-SENSITIVE DISEASES, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, CLIMATIC FACTORS, CLINICS, CO, CO2, COLORS, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, COST EFFECTIVENESS, COSTS OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE, COSTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, CRU, DENGUE, DENGUE FEVER, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DIARRHEA, DIARRHEAL DISEASES, DIARRHOEA, DIARRHOEAL DISEASES, DISABILITY, DISASTER PREPAREDNESS, DISEASE BURDEN, DISEASE CONTROL, DISSEMINATION, EARLY YEARS, ECONOMICS OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE, EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE, EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS, EMISSION, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS, EMISSIONS SCENARIO, EMISSIONS SCENARIOS, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, EPIDEMIOLOGY, EXTREME EVENTS, EXTREME WEATHER, EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS, FLOODS, FOOD PRODUCTION, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, GHGS, GLOBAL CLIMATE, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL HEALTH, GLOBAL TEMPERATURE, GLOBAL WARMING, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GASES, GRID, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH CONDITIONS, HEALTH EFFECTS, HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH RISKS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICES, HIV, HOSPITAL, HOSPITALS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN HEALTH, ILLNESSES, IMMUNIZATION, IMMUNIZATIONS, IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INJURIES, INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE, INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, INTERVENTION, IPCC, LACK OF KNOWLEDGE, LEGAL STATUS, LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MALARIA, MALARIA BURDEN, MALARIA CASES, MALARIA CONTROL, MALARIA INCIDENCE, MALARIA PREVENTION, MALARIA REPORT, MALARIA TRANSMISSION, MALARIA-ENDEMIC COUNTRIES, MALARIOUS AREAS, MALNOURISHED CHILDREN, MALNUTRITION, MEASLES, MEDICINE, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MINIMUM TEMPERATURES, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, MORTALITY RATE, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUMBER OF DEATHS, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, OZONE, OZONE EXPOSURE, PARASITOLOGY, POINT OF DEPARTURE, POPULATION PROJECTIONS, PRACTITIONERS, PRECIPITATION, PREGNANCY, PREMATURE DEATH, PREVALENCE, PREVENTABLE DISEASES, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS, RESPECT, RISK FACTORS, RISK OF MALARIA, RISKS FROM CLIMATE CHANGE, ROTAVIRUS, SANITATION, SEASON, SET OF GOALS, SEX, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, STORM SURGES, STORMS, TEMPERATURE, THERAPY, TREATMENT, UNCERTAINTY IN CLIMATE PROJECTIONS, VACCINES, VECTOR CONTROL, VULNERABILITY, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WATER-BORNE DISEASE, WEATHER PATTERNS, WINTER TEMPERATURE, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION