Development of Biofuels in China : Technologies, Economics and Policies

Shiyan, Chang; Lili, Zhao; Timilsina, Govinda R.; Xiliang, Zhang

Development of Biofuels in China : Technologies, Economics and Policies

Autores

Shiyan, Chang

Lili, Zhao

Timilsina, Govinda R.

Xiliang, Zhang

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

China promulgated the Medium and Long-Term Development Plan for Renewable Energy in 2007, which included targets of 2010 and 2020 for various renewable energy technologies including biofuels. The 2010 biofuel targets were met and even surpassed except for non-grain fuel ethanol; however, there is debate on whether and how the country will be able to meet the 2020 biofuels target. This paper provides a resource and technological assessment of biofuel feedstocks, compares biofuel production costs from various feddstocks and technologies, and evaluates policies introduced in the country for the development of biofuels. The paper also presents the projections on the production of biofuels under various policy scenarios. The study shows that China can potentially satisfy its non-grain fuel ethanol target by 2020 from the technology perspective. But it will probably fall far short of this target without additional fiscal incentives as production costs of non-grain feedstock based biofuels are expected to remain relatively high. By contrast, the 2020 target of biodiesel production has a high probability of being achieved because the target itself is relatively small. With additional support policies, it could develop even further.

Palabras clave

ACID, AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, ALKALI, ALTERNATIVE FUEL, ALTERNATIVE FUELS, AVAILABILITY, BALANCE, BARREN LANDS, BIO-DIESEL, BIOCHEMISTRY, BIODIESEL, BIOENERGY, BIOFUEL, BIOFUEL PRODUCTION, BIOFUEL TECHNOLOGIES, BIOFUELS, BIOFUELS INDUSTRY, BIOFUELS PRODUCTION, BIOFUELS TECHNOLOGY, BIOGAS, BIOMASS, BIOMASS ENERGY, BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK, BIOMASS POWER, CARBON, CARBON ENERGY, CARBON INTENSITY, CARBON NEUTRAL, CATALYSIS, CELLULOSE, CELLULOSIC BIOMASS, CELLULOSIC ETHANOL, CELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCK, CELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCKS, CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CO, CO2, COAL, COLLECTION SYSTEM, CONSUMPTION OF COAL, CONVERSION EFFICIENCY, CONVERSION PROCESS, COOKING, COOKING OIL, CORN, CORN STOVER, COST OF FEEDSTOCK, COSTS OF ETHANOL PRODUCTION, CRUDE OIL, CRUDE OIL PRODUCTION, DIESEL, DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, DOMESTIC OIL, DOMESTIC SUPPLY, ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, ELECTRICITY, EMISSION, EMISSION REDUCTION, EMISSIONS, ENERGY CONSERVATION, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY CONVERSION, ENERGY CROP, ENERGY CROPS, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY OUTLOOK, ENERGY PATHWAY, ENERGY POLICIES, ENERGY RESEARCH, ENERGY SECTOR, ENERGY SECURITY, ENERGY SOURCE, ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY SUPPLIES, ENERGY SUPPLY, ENERGY USE, ETHANOL BLENDING, ETHANOL CONSUMPTION, ETHANOL CONVERSION, ETHANOL GASOLINE, ETHANOL PLANTS, ETHANOL PRODUCERS, ETHANOL PRODUCTIONS, ETHANOL YIELD, FEEDSTOCK, FEEDSTOCK COST, FEEDSTOCK COSTS, FEEDSTOCKS, FERTILIZERS, FOREST, FOREST LAND, FOREST RESIDUES, FOREST RESOURCE SURVEY, FORESTRY, FORESTRY SECTOR, FOSSIL, FOSSIL ENERGY, FOSSIL FUEL, FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION, FOSSIL FUELS, FUEL, FUEL COSTS, FUEL ETHANOL, FUEL ETHANOL INDUSTRY, FUEL ETHANOL PRODUCTION, FUEL WOOD, GAS INDUSTRY, GASOLINE CONSUMPTION, GHG, GRAIN PRICES, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, HEAT, HEAT VALUE, HIGH FEEDSTOCK, HYDRO POWER, HYDROPOWER, INCOME, INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY, JATROPHA, LAND USE, LIQUID BIOFUEL, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE OIL, OIL, OIL COMPANIES, OIL COMPANY, OIL CONSUMPTION, OIL DEMAND, OILS, PETROLEUM, POLLUTION, POWER GENERATION, PRICE OF ETHANOL, PRICE OF FEEDSTOCKS, PRICES OF ETHANOL, PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL, RAW MATERIAL, REDUCTION IN CARBON, RENEWABLE ENERGIES, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, RENEWABLE FUEL, RENEWABLE FUELS, RURAL AREA, RURAL AREAS, SAND, SOLAR WATER HEATER, SORGHUM, SPARK IGNITION, SUGAR, SUPPLY COSTS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, TAX EXEMPTION, TAX EXEMPTIONS, TAX RATE, TEMPERATURE, TONS OF COAL EQUIVALENT, TRADITIONAL FERMENTATION, TREE SPECIES, WASTE, WASTE OIL, WHEAT, WHOLESALE PRICE, WHOLESALE PRICES, WIND, WIND POWER, WORLD ENERGY, WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK