Association between climate resilience capacities and pro-WEAI indicators: Evidence from small livestock farmers in West Bengal, India
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International Rice Research Institute
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This study examines the relationship between women’s empowerment indicators and climate resilience capacities in rural India, emphasizing the unequal burden of climate change on women’s livelihoods and adaptive options. Using baseline data of CGIAR Gender Equality and Inclusion Accelerator project, the analysis focuses on 277 women engaged in goat and poultry rearing in West Bengal. Women’s empowerment was measured using the project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI), while resilience capacity assessment included four dimensions: preventive, anticipative, absorptive and adaptive capacities. Descriptive statistics reveal low levels of both empowerment and resilience among women respondents. Correlation analysis indicates a significant positive association between overall empowerment and overall resilience capacity (r = 0.373, p < 0.01), with most pro-WEAI indicators strongly linked to absorptive and adaptive capacities. The analysis further shows a nonlinear pattern: resilience capacity rises sharply up to a threshold level of empowerment adequacy, beyond which gains taper off. Independent-sample t-test indicates that adequacy in ownership of land and other assets significantly enhances resilience capacity, followed by adequacy in self-efficacy and group membership. Conversely, adequacy in autonomy in income shows no significant association with any resilience capacity. The findings suggest that empowerment and resilience reinforce each other in bidirectional but context-specific ways, underscoring the need for integrated approaches that simultaneously strengthen women’s agency and their capacity to manage climatic risks.
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women empowerment, climate resilience, gender equality, adaptive capacity, livelihoods, smallholders, climate change adaptation