Enhancing Food Security in Afghanistan : Private Markets and Public Policy Options
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Washington, DC
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This report analyzes some key aspects of
food security, namely production, trade, markets and food
aid at the national level, and consumption at the household
level. In doing so it aspires to make a contribution to the
on-going work in Afghanistan regarding the attainment of the
poverty and hunger Millennium Development Goal. The major
findings of the report can be summarized as follows: Food
security (at the national level) does not necessarily
require national self-sufficiency in wheat or other food
staples, as long as the country has access to international
markets. Rather, diversification into legal high-value crops
and livestock products may be the most effective means of
increasing food security, by generating foreign exchange and
raising the incomes and purchasing power of the rural poor.
In spite of very difficult conditions, wheat markets in
Afghanistan have performed fairly well and private sector
international trade has helped to stabilize supply and
prices. Therefore, further developing the infrastructure and
institutions to support wheat markets and facilitating
private sector trade is called for and will enhance food
security. At the household level, food insecurity in
Afghanistan is largely caused by inadequate access to food
resulting from low household incomes. For most of
Afghanistan, where availability of food is not a constraint,
increasing cash incomes is the more efficient means of
enhancing food security of the poor. Development of both
private and public capacity for data collection and analysis
is a high priority for effective formulation, assessment and
implementation of food policies.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO FOOD, ACCESS TO INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, ADEQUATE CALORIES, ADULT EDUCATION, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL INCOMES, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL POLICY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, ANTHROPOMETRIC SURVEYS, BREAD, CALORIES PER DAY, CEREALS, CHRONIC POVERTY, CONFLICT, CONSUMPTION, CONSUMPTION QUINTILES, COST OF FOOD, CROP AREA, CROP PRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DIVERSIFICATION, DOMESTIC FOOD PRODUCTION, DOMESTIC TRADE FLOWS, DROUGHT, ECOLOGICAL ZONES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ELDERLY, EMERGENCY EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM, EXTREME POVERTY, FARM HOUSEHOLDS, FARMER, FARMERS, FARMING SYSTEMS, FEED, FEEDING PRACTICES, FERTILIZER USE, FOOD AID, FOOD AVAILABILITY, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD CROPS, FOOD ECONOMY, FOOD EXPENDITURE, FOOD EXPENDITURES, FOOD FOR EDUCATION, FOOD FOR WORK, FOOD GRAINS, FOOD IMPORTS, FOOD INSECURITY, FOOD INTAKE, FOOD ITEMS, FOOD MARKETS, FOOD POLICIES, FOOD POLICY, FOOD POLICY OBJECTIVES, FOOD PROCESSING, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD PROGRAMS, FOOD PURCHASES, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD SELF-SUFFICIENCY, FOOD STAPLES, FOOD SUMMIT, FOOD SUPPLY, FOOD SYSTEM, FOODGRAINS, FOODS, FRUITS, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, GRAIN PRICES, GRAIN PRODUCTION, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTHY LIFE, HOUSEHOLD ACCESS, HOUSEHOLD FOOD, HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY, HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUNGER, HYGIENE, IMPROVED SEED, IMPROVED SEEDS, INCOME, INCOME POVERTY, INCOME-GENERATING PROGRAMS, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, IRRIGATION, LAND HOLDINGS, LAND MANAGEMENT, LAND USE, LANDLESS HOUSEHOLDS, LEGAL STATUS, LIVELIHOODS, LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP, LIVESTOCK POPULATION, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS, MAIZE, MALNUTRITION, MARKET DEVELOPMENT, MARKET PRICE, MARKETING COSTS, MICRO-FINANCE, MIGRATION, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL, MILLERS, MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL STRATEGY, NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS, NUTRITIONAL OUTCOMES, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, OPIUM, PEACE, POLICY DIALOGUE, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR INDIVIDUALS, POOR INFRASTRUCTURE, POORER HOUSEHOLDS, POPPY, POPPY CULTIVATION, POPPY SECTOR, POVERTY, POVERTY GROUPS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY THRESHOLD, PRICE STABILIZATION, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRODUCTION OF WHEAT, PRODUCTION SYSTEMS, PUBLIC POLICY, PURCHASING POWER, REDUCTION OF POVERTY, REGIONAL MARKETS, RESOURCE USE, RICE PRODUCTION, RULE OF LAW, RURAL, RURAL CREDIT, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INCOMES, RURAL POOR, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL REHABILITATION, RURAL VULNERABILITY, SAFETY NET, SANITATION, SECTORAL POLICIES, SECURITY SITUATION, SELF-RELIANCE, SHARECROPPERS, SHARECROPPING, SHEEP, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIAL CAPITAL, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS, STATUS OF WOMEN, STORAGE FACILITIES, TARGETED TRANSFER PROGRAMS, TARGETING, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSFER PROGRAMS, URBAN AREAS, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN POVERTY, VEGETABLES, VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT, WAR, WATER AVAILABILITY, WATER MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCES, WATER USE, WATER USERS, WATER USERS ASSOCIATIONS, WHEAT FLOUR, WHEAT MARKETS, WHEAT PRODUCTION, WINTER MONTHS, WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME, WORLD FOOD SUMMIT, YOUNG CHILDREN