Of Taps and Toilets
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Washington, DC
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The study is conducted in two states
with different geographic, public health, and socioeconomic
characteristics, together spanning a range of conditions in
rural India: Maharashtra and Orissa. The secondary
objectives of the study were to develop proxy indicators for
routine monitoring of the health impact of water and
sanitation projects. A proxy is an easy-to-measure indicator
for a hard to- measure impact. Here the goal is to identify
the intermediate outcomes (for example coverage of toilets
and taps) that are causally linked to the policy or
intervention and to the outcome. The success of the analysis
in establishing such links will determine the salience of
the proxy indicators. Finally, World Bank also evaluate the
broader impacts of water, sanitation, and hygiene
interventions on rural livelihoods, such as savings in time,
materials, and money invested in coping activities;
improvements in convenience and privacy; and indirect
benefits to caregivers (for example gains in work
efficiency, and time and work reallocation within the household).
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO SAFE WATER, ACCESS TO SANITATION FACILITIES, ADEQUATE WATER, ADEQUATE WATER SUPPLY, BASIC SANITATION, BEHAVIOR CHANGE, BEHAVIORAL CHANGES, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD MORTALITY, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLINICS, COMMUNITIES, COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES, COMMUNITY LEADERS, COMMUNITY NORMS, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, COMMUNITY SERVICES, COMMUNITY WATER, COMMUNITY WATER SUPPLIES, CONSTRUCTION OF LATRINES, COST SAVINGS, DECISION MAKING, DELIVERY OF WATER SUPPLY, DESCRIPTION, DIARRHEA, DIARRHEAL DISEASES, DRINKING WATER, DRINKING WATER QUALITY, DRINKING WATER SUPPLY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION, EPIDEMIOLOGY, FAMILY HEALTH, GENDER, GOOD SANITATION, HANDWASHING, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE FACILITIES, HEALTH EFFECTS, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH POLICIES, HEALTH PROMOTION, HOUSEHOLD LATRINES, HOUSEHOLDS, HOUSING, HOUSING CONDITIONS, HYGIENE, HYGIENE BEHAVIOR, HYGIENE BEHAVIORS, HYGIENE EDUCATION, HYGIENE EDUCATION PROGRAMS, HYGIENE PRACTICES, HYGIENE PROJECTS, IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALTH, INADEQUATE WATER, INADEQUATE WATER SUPPLY, INFANT MORTALITY, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INTERVENTION, LATRINE CONSTRUCTION, LAWS, LITERS PER CAPITA PER DAY, LOCAL CAPACITY, MEDICAL RESEARCH, MORTALITY, MORTALITY RATE, NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITHOUT ACCESS, OCCUPATION, OPEN DEFECATION, PATIENTS, POLLUTION, PROVISION OF WATER, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC SANITATION, PUBLIC WATER, QUALITY WATER, QUANTITY OF WATER, RURAL AREA, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL DRINKING WATER, RURAL SANITATION, RURAL VILLAGES, RURAL WATER, RURAL WATER SUPPLY, SAFE WATER, SANITATION COMMITTEE, SANITATION COVERAGE, SANITATION FACILITIES, SANITATION PRACTICES, SANITATION PROMOTION, SANITATION SECTOR, SANITATION SERVICE, SANITATION SERVICES, SANITATION SITUATION, SANITATION STRATEGY, SANITATION SYSTEMS, SELF-HELP, SERVICE DELIVERY, SOCIAL MARKETING, SOCIAL MOBILIZATION, STORAGE CONTAINERS, STORAGE FOR DRINKING WATER, TOILETS, UNSAFE HYGIENE, USE OF LATRINES, USE OF TOILETS, VACCINATION, VILLAGE WATER, WALKING, WATER CONSUMPTION, WATER QUALITY, WATER QUANTITY, WATER RESOURCES, WATER SECTOR, WATER SOURCE, WATER SOURCES, WATER STORAGE, WATER SUPPLIES, WATER SUPPLY SERVICES, WATER TABLE, WATER TREATMENT, WATER USE, WELLS