Türkiye at the Frontier: Human Capital Utilization, Jobs and Equity - Technical Diagnostic
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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Türkiye’s early human capital
foundations have paved the way for poverty reduction and
labor force participation, today facing new
multi-dimensional challenges. Türkiye’s investments have
historically helped diversify and increase aggregate growth,
propelling it to upper middle-income status. Yet relative to
overall growth more recently, human capital utilization in
terms of jobs has not necessarily kept pace. Over half
the population remains either out of the labor force or
employed in informal, relatively low-paying jobs, most of
whom have been women. Economic vulnerabilities remain
following the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID) and the 2023
earthquakes in southeastern Türkiye, compounded by long-term
effects of global financial crises and regional conflicts
since 2008. Helping vulnerable workers, largely comprising
women, adapt to a changing labor market will be needed to
sustain a broad, productive workforce for future broad-based
growth. As Türkiye embarks on its forthcoming Twelfth
Five-Year National Development Plan, a diagnostic of human
capital and jobs programs and policies in terms of gender
equity is timely for informing future needs. In addition, a
review of Türkiye’s experience will equally help provide
global knowledge for other countries facing similar
challenges. This note aims to assess human capital
utilization in terms of inclusive jobs and gender equity in
Türkiye towards broadening economic resilience following shocks.
Palabras clave
HUMAN CAPITAL AND GROWTH, EARTHQUAKE, GENDER AND ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION, CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19), GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING, SDG 3, GENDER EQUALITY, SDG 5, DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH, SDG 8, NO POVERTY, SDG 1, LIFE ON LAND, SDG 15