Simulating anticipatory action for floods in Nepal
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With its high vulnerability to climate change and diverse landscape, Nepal is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. Floods are a particularly serious concern in the low-lying Terai region, which experiences annual flooding during the monsoon season after periods of incessant rainfall. This flooding inundates croplands, significantly threatening livelihoods and national food security, as the Terai region is known as the country's food baseket. In 2024, severe flooding in Nepal’s Koshi River Basin triggered the Anticipatory Action (AA) Framework for floods under the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF). Within this framework, FAO supported the agriculture sector by disseminating tailored early warning messages and distributing hermetic storage bags to vulnerable households. Building on lessons from that activation, FAO organized a flood simulation exercise in April 2025 in two rural municipalities of Madhesh Province.The simulation focused on two core components: last-mile dissemination of early warning messages and the distribution of hermetic bags, with a particular focus on refining targeting criteria for beneficiary list development and testing delivery mechanisms in a controlled environment. This document provides an overview of the simulation development and execution process and highlights lessons learned from the exercise, which served to strengthen the preparedness of FAO country staff and volunteers for future activations.