Are Women More Credit Constrained? Experimental Evidence on Gender and Microenterprise Returns

Vista sencilla de ítem
dc.creatorde Mel, Suresh
dc.creatorMcKenzie, David
dc.creatorWoodruff, Christopher
dc.date2012-06-01T21:09:07Z
dc.date2012-06-01T21:09:07Z
dc.date2008-10
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:21:37Z
dc.descriptionThis paper analyzes data from a randomized experiment on mean returns to capital in Sri Lankan micro-enterprises. The findings show greater returns among men than among women; indeed, returns were not different from zero for women. The authors explore different explanations for the lower returns among female owners, and find no evidence that the gender gap is explained by differences in ability, risk aversion, or entrepreneurial attitudes. Differential access to unpaid family labor and social constraints limiting sales to local areas are not important. However, there is evidence that women invested grants differently from men. A smaller share of the smaller grants remained in the female-owned enterprises, and men were more likely to spend the grant on working capital and women on equipment. The gender gap is largest when male-dominated sectors are compared with female-dominated sectors, although female returns are lower than male returns even for females working in the same industries as men. The authors examine the heterogeneity of returns to determine whether any group of businesses owned by women benefit from easing capital constraints. The results suggest there is a large group of high-return male owners and a smaller group of poor, high-ability, female owners who might benefit from more access to capital.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/10/9903470/women-more-credit-constrained-experimental-evidence-gender-microenterprise-returns
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/6933
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4746
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/417379
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 4746
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectACCESS TO BANK
dc.subjectACCESS TO BANK LOANS
dc.subjectACCESS TO CAPITAL
dc.subjectACCESS TO CREDIT
dc.subjectACCESS TO FINANCE
dc.subjectACCESS TO FORMAL FINANCE
dc.subjectACCOUNTING
dc.subjectACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAMOUNT OF CAPITAL
dc.subjectASSET ACCUMULATION
dc.subjectASSET OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectBANKS
dc.subjectBEST PRACTICES
dc.subjectBORROWING
dc.subjectBUSINESS EXPERIENCE
dc.subjectBUSINESS NETWORKS
dc.subjectBUSINESS OWNER
dc.subjectCAPITAL CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectCAPITAL FLOWS
dc.subjectCAPITAL INJECTION
dc.subjectCAPITAL INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectCAPITAL MARKET
dc.subjectCAPITAL STOCK
dc.subjectCAPITAL STOCKS
dc.subjectCARE FOR CHILDREN
dc.subjectCASH PAYMENT
dc.subjectCOLLATERAL
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCREDIT CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectCREDIT MARKET
dc.subjectCREDIT MARKETS
dc.subjectCREDIT UNIONS
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT
dc.subjectCURRENT EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectCUSTOMER BASE
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR CREDIT
dc.subjectDEPOSIT ACCOUNT
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT BANK
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDIMINISHING RETURNS
dc.subjectDUMMY VARIABLE
dc.subjectDUMMY VARIABLES
dc.subjectDURABLE
dc.subjectDURABLE ASSETS
dc.subjectDURABLE GOODS
dc.subjectEARNINGS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectEDUCATION LEVELS
dc.subjectELDERLY PARENTS
dc.subjectEMPOWERMENT
dc.subjectENTREPRENEUR
dc.subjectENTREPRENEURIAL ABILITY
dc.subjectENTREPRENEURIAL ATTITUDES
dc.subjectENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectEQUAL AMOUNTS
dc.subjectEQUALITY
dc.subjectEQUIPMENT
dc.subjectEQUIPMENT PURCHASE
dc.subjectEQUIPMENT PURCHASES
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFAMILY MEMBERS
dc.subjectFATHER
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFEMALE BORROWERS
dc.subjectFEMALE ENTERPRISE
dc.subjectFEMALE ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectFEMALE ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectFEMALE WORKERS
dc.subjectFEMALE-OWNED BUSINESSES
dc.subjectFEMALES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL ASSETS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL LITERACY
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFIRM PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectFIXED DEPOSIT
dc.subjectFORMAL CREDIT
dc.subjectFORMAL LOAN
dc.subjectFUTURE RESEARCH
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER ANALYSIS
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCE
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER GAP
dc.subjectGENDERS
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD ASSET ACCUMULATION
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD BARGAINING
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD BUSINESS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUSBAND
dc.subjectHUSBANDS
dc.subjectILLNESS
dc.subjectINCOMPLETE MARKETS
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectINITIAL FUNDING
dc.subjectINITIAL INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectINSTRUMENT
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINSURANCE MARKETS
dc.subjectINTEREST RATE
dc.subjectINTEREST RATES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINVENTORIES
dc.subjectINVENTORY
dc.subjectINVESTING
dc.subjectINVESTMENT BEHAVIOR
dc.subjectINVESTMENT DECISIONS
dc.subjectINVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE SURVEY
dc.subjectLABOR HOURS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLENDERS
dc.subjectLIQUIDITY
dc.subjectLOAN
dc.subjectLOAN AMOUNT
dc.subjectLOANS FROM FAMILY
dc.subjectLOTTERY
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME
dc.subjectMARKET INTEREST RATE
dc.subjectMARKET INTEREST RATES
dc.subjectMARKET VALUE
dc.subjectMICRO-ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectMICRO-LOANS
dc.subjectMICROCREDIT
dc.subjectMICROENTERPRISES
dc.subjectMICROFINANCE
dc.subjectMOTHER
dc.subjectOLDER CHILDREN
dc.subjectPHYSICAL CAPITAL
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOVERTY ALLEVIATION
dc.subjectPRICE INDEX
dc.subjectPRICE INDICES
dc.subjectPRIVATE BANK
dc.subjectPRODUCTION FUNCTION
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROFITABLE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPROFITABLE INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectREINVESTMENT
dc.subjectRESEARCH ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectRESOURCE ALLOCATION
dc.subjectRESPONSIBILITIES
dc.subjectRETIREMENT
dc.subjectRETURN
dc.subjectRETURN ON INVESTMENT
dc.subjectRETURNS
dc.subjectRISK AVERSE
dc.subjectRISK AVERSION
dc.subjectRISK-AVERSE INDIVIDUALS
dc.subjectSALES
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSAVINGS ACCOUNT
dc.subjectSELF EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSELF-EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSMALL ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectSOURCE OF INCOME
dc.subjectSOURCE OF INFORMATION
dc.subjectSTART-UP
dc.subjectSUPPLY OF CREDIT
dc.subjectTYPES OF ASSETS
dc.subjectUMBRELLA ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectVILLAGE
dc.subjectWAGE
dc.subjectWEALTH
dc.subjectWOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectWORKING AGE
dc.subjectWORKING CAPITAL
dc.subjectMicrodata Set
dc.titleAre Women More Credit Constrained? Experimental Evidence on Gender and Microenterprise Returns

Archivos

Colecciones

AgroKnow