Red coral in the Mediterranean Sea
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Red coral (Corallium rubrum) is an emblematic species of the Mediterranean Sea, long valued and harvested in the region for millennia. In the past, its shallow populations were nearly depleted in some areas due to excessive fishing pressure. To address key knowledge deficiencies and further improve the management of red coral fisheries in the region, the GFCM launched a research programme on red coral, implemented from 2020 to 2023 by research institutes and universities, in cooperation with national administrations across the Mediterranean. This publication compiles and presents the results of the analyses carried out in the context of this research programme and provides expert scientific and technical advice to support the development of additional management measures for red coral fisheries in the region. In particular, this document explores the results of data collection activities conducted in Croatia, France, Greece, Italy and Tunisia, analyses the population genetics of red coral across Mediterranean subregions, reviews the stock assessments carried out for the species, investigates the socioeconomic implications of red coral harvesting activities, and summarizes the results of targeted training and capacity-development activities conducted also with other partner countries, including Algeria, Malta and Morocco. The results of the GFCM Research programme on red coral informed the development and subsequent adoption of Recommendation GFCM/47/2024/2 on long-term measures for the sustainable exploitation of red coral, amending Recommendation GFCM/43/2019/4 and repealing Recommendations GFCM/45/2022/2 and GFCM/46/2023/13.