Intra-Household Inequality in Food Consumption and Diets in the Philippines
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Most welfare measures, including food
expenditure and diet quality, are based on household
aggregates and assume an equal or equitable distribution of
resources among members within the household. But it is
unlikely that resources are distributed equally or equitably
within most households. As such, individual food expenditure
and diet quality measures, rather than household
aggregations, may paint a more accurate picture of
intra-household welfare. This paper assesses the disparity
between household and individual measurement of food
expenditure and diet quality in the Philippines using data
from 2013. It finds evidence of intra-household inequality
for food expenditure and for diet quality. In particular,
for the consumption of starchy staples, meat, fish, and
legumes, women and children do not meet the recommended
consumption, even within households that, in aggregate, are
able to meet the recommended consumption. However,
intra-household inequality is not observed under
circumstances in which no one in the household meets
recommended consumption, as is the case for many food
categories in our analysis.
Palabras clave
GENDER AND HEALTH, NUTRITION, DIET QUALITY, MALNUTRITION, FOOD EQUITY, INTRA-HOUSEHOLD INEQUALITY, FOOD CONSUMPTION, NUTRITION EQUITY